These caps, with plate, scales, and oil cloth cover 

 were issued at the rate of one per each five year en- 

 listment. As further evidence of its durability, it should 

 be noticed that the cap with plate and scales was con- 

 sidered go\crnmcnt property, not part of the soldier's 

 clothing allowance, and was to be turned in at the 

 expiration of his term of service.' ' 

 NOTES 



°"G.O. 24 Jan. 1813, op. cit. ; Tench Coxe, Pur\eyor 

 of Public Supplies, to Sec. of War William Eustis, 8 Mar. 

 1812, LS, Pur. of Pub. Supplies, RG 92, NA; Inine to 

 .\masa Stetson, 5 Aug. 1813, LS, CG of P, RG 92, NA; 

 Irvine to Acting Sec. of War, 29 July 1817, CG of P, LS, 

 RG 92, NA. See also Knotel, Handbuch dcr Unijorm- 

 kundc . . ., 3d ed. (Hamburg, 1937), and J. Marge- 

 rand, "Les Coiffures de L'Armee Frangaise," ( Paris, 

 1909-1811), part III. .\ctually, the yeoman crown was 

 in wide use by both the French and German infantry as 

 early as 1807. The British infantry, however, adopted this 

 cap only in 1816. See Cattley, "The British Infantry 

 Shako," op. cit. Unfortunately, there is no specimen of 

 the American Regular Army yeoman crown known to 

 exist. 



''^ General Regulations for the Army (Philadelphia, 

 1821), p. 155; Cattley "The British Infantry Shako," 

 op. cit. European use of the "bell crown" style is shown 

 in many contemporary prints. 



"Adj. Gen. Daniel Parker to Irvine, 4 Apr. 1820, 

 CCF (unifonns), RG 92, NA. 



'^^ General Regulations for the Army (1821), op. cit., 

 p. 155. The term "yellow eagle" cited above is the "cap 

 plate" listed in the Cost of Clothing lists included in the 

 1821 and 1825 regulations. The "small yellow button" 

 mentioned as fitting in the leather cockade and described 

 as having an eagle impressed on it is the "eagle" of the 

 "cockades and eagles" in the same lists. In 1825 the 

 pompons for light artillery companies were changed to 

 yellow with red tops and those of the light infantry com- 

 panies to white with red tops, adding red for grenadier 

 companies "should the President order one per regiment 



to take this designation." See General Regulations for 

 the Army (Washington. 1825). pp. 36, 157. Although 

 the 1821 and 1825 regulations speak of "rifle companies," 

 the Rifles as a separate branch of service had been dis- 

 banded in the reorganization of the .Army in 1821. Sec 

 Callan, op. cit., pp. 306-309. 



''Irvine to Sec. of War, 7 Dec. 1821, CG of P, LS, 

 RG 92, NA. 



"■' Sec. of War to Irvine. 4 Jan. 1822, Sec. of War. LS, 

 RG107,NA. 



'•"Dingee to Inine, 20 Feb. 1830, CCF (Dingce). 

 RG92,NA. 



' ' The sizes of the tops varied somewhat but in direct 

 relation to the head size, as "7 inches head by 9/8 inches 

 bell . . . the whole to be 7 inches high." See contract 

 with Henry Cressman, 24 Apr. 1822, CCF (Cressman), 

 RG 92, NA. 



'■* For this button, see David F. Johnson, Uniform 

 Buttons, American Armed Forces, 1784-1948, 2 vols., 

 ( Watkins Glen, N.Y.. 1948) , vol. 1 . p. 41 . 



'''■' Campbell and Howell, op. cit., pp. 23-24. 



'" "Com])arative Statement Showing Cost of Clothing," 

 American State Papers, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 471. Oil cloth 

 covers were supplied by Benjamin Morange and Son. 

 painted linen covers by William Debaufre. See contracts 

 with Morange dated 5 Jan. 1826 and 14 May 1827, in 

 House Document 131, 19th Cong., 2d Sess., and Senate 

 Document 72, 20di Cong., 1st Sess.; and contracts with 

 Debaufre dated 1 1 Apr. 1830 and 25 Apr. 1831, in House 

 Documents 73, 21st Cong., 2nd Sess. (serial 208), and 

 89, 22d Cong., 1st Sess. (serial 218): M.SK "Journal" 

 entries for 14 Sept. and 4 Oct. 1821. RG 92. NA. 



■1 Irvine to Capt. S. W. Kearny, 10 Oct. 1821, CG of 

 P, LS, RG 92, NA. There are numerous other instances 

 of Irvine procuring officers' ca[)s for them during this 

 period. 



■-'G.O. 53, Adjutant General's Office, 14 Aus?. 1822. 

 RG94,NA. 



'■^General Regulations for the Army (1821). op. cit., 

 pp. 239-241 : General Regulations for the Army ( 1825), 

 op. cit., pp. 278-279. 



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