In 1890, Lindsay and Early of 

 Carbondale, Pa., deposited one of 

 the two cylinders (figure 8) of the 

 America in the National Museum 

 (USNM 180922). It has a 9-inch 

 bore and a 24-inch stroke, and 

 the piston (figure 9) is fitted with 

 two compression rings. (The loca- 

 tion of the other cylinder is today 

 unknown.) 



Earlier, in 1888, the Delaware 

 and Hudson Canal Co. had given 

 to the Museum several locomotive 

 parts, all thought to have been 

 from the Stourbridge Lion. It has 

 been established, however, 

 through correspondence with E. 

 A. Forward, formerly of the 

 Science Museum, South Kensing- 

 ton, London, and with the firm of 

 Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns, 

 Ltd., that the three crank rings 

 (USNM 180030-c) received at 

 that tim^e are actually relics of the 

 America. 



-igure 7. — Combining difFerent methods of trans- 

 portation was common practice in the early days 

 of railroading. The Delaware and Hudson as late 

 as 1 866, for example, carried coal by rail from 

 the mines of Scranton and Carbondale, Pa., to its 

 canal at Honesdale, Pa., and thence on barges 

 by way of Port Jervis, Ellenville, and Rondout, 

 N. Y., to New York City. On some early railroads, 

 horses drew the cars on level stretches, but in 

 hilly country where grades were very steep, grav- 

 ity roads with switchbacks and inclined planes 

 were often used. The inclined plane consisted of 

 a set of rails over which units of the train could 

 be raised or lowered by mechanical means. 

 Horses, water power, or a stationary steam en- 

 gine, often located at the top of the slope, were 

 among the sources of power. 



Figure 8. — Cylinder of America, in 

 Notional Museum. 



Figure 9. — Piston from cylinder, at 

 about twice the scale of figure 8. 



17 



