exhibit in the National Museum (figure 43). Th.^ John Han- 

 cock, on the other hand, was recently given back its original 

 name (figure 44) after having carried the incorrect appella- 

 tion Thomas Jefferson for about 60 years. Many railroad his- 

 torians of recent times have apparently not been aware of 

 the name-switching involving these two locomotives, which 

 are now part of the permanent collection in the B & O 

 Museum. 



Th.^ John Quincy Adams (figure 45), recently restored and 

 repainted and no longer referred to as the Traveller, is the 

 oldest complete American-built locomotive in existence. 



These "grasshoppers" burned anthracite, as did the York. 

 The cylinders of the newer two of the survivors have a 22- 

 inch stroke and a 12y2-inch bore (according to the 10th an- 

 nual report of the B & O, for 1836, p. 22) and originally 

 operated on a steam pressure of 50 pounds per square inch. 

 With their thoroughly overhauled boilers, they now operate 

 on 75. The bore of the JoAn Quincy Adams is slightly smaller, 

 12^4 inches (according to the 9th annual report of the B & 

 O, for 1835, p. 24), unless it has been increased by wear or 

 replacement. 



The wheelbase of each "grasshopper" is 49 inches, and the 

 weight was originally about 8^2 tons. The wheels, modern 

 replacements, are about 34 inches in diameter but the orig- 

 inal ones were several inches larger. All four wheels of each 

 are (or were) connected by gearing and rods to the two 

 cylinders. In converting the Andrew Jackson to represent the 

 Atlantic, however, the side rods were removed so that only its 

 rear wheels now serve as drivers, as did those of the original 

 Atlantic. 



It is of interest that at least one other "grasshopper" loco- 

 motive was built by Gillingham and Winans, but not for the 

 B & O. Named the Columbus, this generally little known ex- 

 ample was made in 1836 for the Leipzig to Dresden Rail- 

 road in Germany, and quite probably was the first American 

 locomotive ever built for export. A description and illustra- 

 tion of it are found in the German publication "Hundert 

 Jahre deutsche Eisenbahnen," published in 1935. 



52 



