I o AN A ceo UNT OF BRITISH FIIES. 



" Systema Naturae." In this edition he classified insects into four 

 classes. The first he called the Cokoptera, the second the Angiop- 

 tera, the third the Hemiptera^ and the fourth the Aptera. 



The Coleoptera, or covered wings, included the beetles. The 

 Angioptera, or naked-winged insects, were the moths and butter- 

 flies. Aptera, having limbs but no wings, included the spiders, 

 fleas and lobsters, etc., whilst in the Hemiptera he placed such 

 insects as the bugs and locusts. In this first edition we see he 

 includes other orders, namely. Vermes, Mollusca, and Echini ; thus 

 somewhat following Reaumur. This we must notice as a curious 

 piece of retrogression, as even Aristotle saw the difference between 

 many of these, and classified the sea-urchins in a different class to 

 the insects. 



Finally, in the edition of 1767 he classified insects in seven orders 

 instead of four, and at the same time took away the echini, etc., 

 from the class Insecta and placed them in a class called the Vermes. 

 This class, then, is seen to contain a great number of most varied 

 forms. We find here worms, Cselenterates, Polyzoa, Mollusca, 

 Echinoderms, etc., all mixed up together. 



His seven orders of insects were the following : 



I. Coleoptera; 2. Hemiptera; 3. Lepidoptera ; 4. Neuroptera ; 5. Hymen- 

 optera ; 6. Diptera ; 7. Aptera. 



And thus we see our present arrangement of orders is nearly parallel 

 to this. 



Another arrangement of the insects, of no value, but of some 

 interest, is that published by Dr. Hill in his " History of Animals." 

 He divided the class Insecta into three groups, namely : 



1. Aptera, having no wings. 



2. Pteraria, winged. 



diptera, two-winged flies. 

 tetraptera, four-winged flies. 



3. Gymnarthridia, soft bodied, with legs. 



Then followed a most remarkable system of classification, well 

 known on the Continent as the Scropoli System. This was brought 

 forward in a work entitled '' Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem," 

 in 1777. Scropoli followed the arrangement of Linnreus ; but his 

 nomenclature was very different, and afterwards alterations were 

 made. He seemed to consider each order should be coupled with 

 the name of the entomologist who has worked at it ; and thus we 

 find the following curious arrangement, which met with some success 

 on the Continent (he made five orders) : 



1. Swammerdamii — hicifuga. 



2. Geoffroy — gymnoptera. 



