APHANIPTERA. 37 



(the former hot) are suitable agents. There is, also, an old 



country method of a boiled concoction • of laurel-leaves, 



poured over the floor when boiling. No doubt the boiling 



water and the prussic acid in the leaves may have some 



effect. 



For animals, such as dogs, the same rule of cleanliness applies. 



If the kennels are kept well purified with insect-powder and carbolic 



acid, these insect pests soon disappear. In dogs very badly affected, 



a bath of gas-water, after having been sprinkled with insect-powder, 



is often very satisfactory, especially in long-coated dogs. 



Literature on the Aphaniptera : 



1. Annals of Nat. Hist, 1848. "The Common Flea." West- 



wood. 



2. Annals of Soc. Entom. de France, 1872. "Metamorphoses 



de la Puce du Chat (Pulex felis)." Dr. Al. Laboulbene. 



3. Annals of Soc. Entom. de France, 1873. "Observations sur 



les Puces, en particulier sur les Larves des Puces du Chat 

 et du Loir (P. felis et P. fasciatus)." J. Kunckel. 



4. " Die Flohe," von Dr. O. Taschenberg. Halle, Max Niemeyer, 



1880. 



5. " Insekten-Kunde," von Dr. Taschenberg, p. 127. 



6. Hist. Nat. des Insectes, Apteres, Walckenaer, vol. iii. 



7. Insecta Britannica, Diptera, vol. iii. Walker. 



8. British Entomology. Curtis. 



9. Arcana Naturae, torn. i. Leuwenhoeck. 



10. Ann. Sci. Nat., 1832 and 1836. Duges. 



11. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Nat. Curios., vol. xvii. Bouche. 



12. Brasil. vorzugl. last. Ins. (fig. 5), translated in Mag. Nat. Hist. 



vol. ix. Pohl and Kollar. 



13. On the Afifinities of the Aphaniptera. Nat. Hist. Re. Pro. iii., 



p. 9, 1856. A. H. Haliday. 



Note i. — The "Jigger." Mr. Newton, Vice-Consul at Loanda, informs us that 

 the " Jigger " was not known on the W. coast of Africa before 1872, hut that year 

 the ship Tliotnas Mitchell went from Rio Janeiro to the port of Ambry, and the 

 crew_on arrival were suffermg from "Jiggers." These were quickly communicated 

 to the crews of the boats and introduced on shore, and in a short time everyone 

 had them in Ambry. They have since gradually spread along the coast. Mr. 

 Newton continues to tell us that he has seen many natives without toes and in a 

 dreadful state from allowing the eggs to hatch and burst and the wound to fester. 

 The "Jiggers " keep along the coast, and are seldom found in the interior. They 

 ;L;enerally attack the hands and feet, but have been observed in all parts of the 

 body, and are chiefly found in dry and sandy places, not in the damp. 



Note 2. — P. erinacei, p. 32, has a few .bristles or spines on the prothorax (not 

 mesothorax), but no fringe. 



Note 3. — P. gallime, p. 31, Mr. G. C. Bignell, F.E.S., has kindly sent me 

 some fleas from house-martins' nests. These are undoubtedly typical specimens of 

 P. galliiiir, and differ from those taken by myself from swallows' nests in several 

 points which will be given at the end of vol. i. 



