THE SIMULID.^. 165 



B. ferntginaius Gmel. = T. Jlavicaudis, Deg. 

 Head and thorax with black hairs, body gray hairs. Tarsi reddish. 

 Legs red in the ? . 



B. venosiis, I\Ig. = If. nervosa, Mg. 

 Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Legs black. (B. E., iii., 138, 

 Curtis; and Meigen, S. B., i., 3-10, 1818.) 

 B. reticularis, Lw. 

 $ shining black with whitish hairs \ anterior tibise with long brown- 

 ish spines. $ blackish-brown ; side of thorax tawny. Legs red- 

 dish; ends of knees and tarsi brown. Length 3 to 4 lin. (Lin. 

 Ent., i., 380-86, 1846.) 



B. varipcs, Mg. 



^ black ; legs black ; black hairs on thorax, pale on abdomen. 

 ? black ; ventral surface yellowish ; legs pale ferruginous ; wings 

 paler than in ^ . Length 2| to 4 lin. (L. E., i., 348.) 



B. laniger, Mg. = vernal is, Zett., and lanigeriis, Hoffm. 

 $ black ; tibiae and tarsi ferruginous ; hairs of thorax and abdomen 

 pale. ? black ; legs ferruginous ; wings brownish ; stigma pale 

 brown. Length 2 to 3 lin. (L. E., i., 353.) 



B. lacteipennis, Zett. ; B. lepidus, Lw. ; and Anglicus, Ver., are also 

 found. 



FAMILY SnWLlDJE. 



This family is nearly related to the Bibionidiv. There is only 

 one genus in the family, and the number of species is not great. 

 They are generally called "Sand Flies," and abound in many 

 parts of the world, from Iceland to the tropics of Africa and 

 America. They are particularly abundant in northern latitudes of 

 Europe, and in North and South America, where they swarm in 

 damp and marshy places, and are exceeding voracious ; they attack 

 human beings just as mosquitoes do, and their mouth parts being 

 fully developed they can cause nasty wounds. Not only do they 

 attack man and animals, but maggots and caterpillars are subject to 

 their depredations, the females sucking out their juices with the 

 proboscis. In England we do not suft'er much from these flies, but 

 in other parts of Europe they are very obnoxious ; Schonbauer * 

 gives ar, account of one, .S. colttmboschensis, which is one of the 

 greatest scourges to man and beast in the Bannat of Temeswar, in 

 Hungary. Fries,! also, describes the molestations of these "sand 

 flies " in Lapland. In America they are known as the " Black Fly." 

 They are also said to live upon honey-dew. They are most restless 



* Gesch. derShadl. Kolumbatezermucken, ^Yien, 1795 ; ami Kollar's "Treatise 

 on Injurious Insects," p. 68. 



t Observ. Entom. {Sinmluun), Stockh., 1824, Fries. 



