THE CHIRONOMID.-E. 205 



The segments have two sets of seta;, and one (the posterior) four 

 to six in number. But most singular of all is the curious action of 

 the mandibles and their position, far differing from those shown in 

 my larva above (fig. i.), which meet on the horny-toothed plate 

 below the mouth. These mandibles work in an upright way, seem- 

 ing to retract for the straight down stroke. As Mr. Hammond says, 

 " they work in longitudinal, vertical, and parallel planes, like the 

 booklets of the maggot of the Blow - fly." The head is much 

 narrowed, to allow of some freedom of movement in the close 

 quarters in which it resides. (Swainson.) 



Litefatiirc on the Chironoinidcc. 



1. Linnjea Entomologica, vi. 15, i, 1S52 {Ceratopo^^^on). Winnertz. 



2. lUiger's Magaz., ii. 261 {Ceratopoi^on). Meigen. 



3. Dip. Scand., ix. i^Ccratopo:^oii). Zetterstedt. 



4. Neue dipterol. Beitr., iv. 23. Loew. 



5. Ent. Mag., i. 152, 154, and ii. 148, 1833 {C. ::;racilis). Haliday. 



6. Ins. Brit., 3, 238 (C iieniatus). Walker. 



7. Kroj. Tidskr., iii. 592, 2. Staeger. 



8. Nat. Hist. Review, ii., proc. (ii^ 2 {Cliinio). Haliday. 



9. Verhandl. d. zool. bot. Verens., vi. 216, iS^6 {C/a/i/o). Schiner. 



10. Verb. d. z. b. Verens., vi. 216 {Thalassomyia). Schiner. 



11. Ent. Mo. Mag, 1884 {Thalassomyia Fraucnfeldi). Ridley. 



12. Syst. Beschr., i. 181 8 {Chironomus). Meigen. 



13. Illiger's Magaz., ii. 260, 1803 {Chirono/niis). Meigen. 



14. Fauna Suec, 1758 (1761) (C ///////(?i'-'/i'). Linne. 



15. Kroj. Tidskr., ii. 598 {Chii-o/iomiis). Staeger. 



16. Tijdschrift, v. Ent., v. 17, p. 132 {Cricofopus, Ort/iocladius, 



Camptocladius, and other new genera). Van. d. Wulp. 



17. Syst. Beschr., vii. 12 (1838) {Diamesa). ^Nleigen. 



18. Ins. Brit., iii. 194 {D. Chiron., etc.). Walker. 



19. Illiger's Magaz., ii. 261, 1803 {Tanypiis). Meigen. 



20. Monogr. Tanypodum Suecicae, 1823. Fries. 



21. Encephalous Larvae, Pro. Roy. Soc, Copenhagen. Meinert. 



22. Proc. Lin. Soc, 1875-80, p. liii. {Tanypns larva). Hammond. 



23. Entomologist (the "Bloodworm"), xi., pp. 261-263. E. Cox. 



24. Science Gossip, xiv., pp. 269, 270. E. Cox. 



25. Verb. Ver. Hamb., iv., p. 6 (Meta. of Ceratopoj^on and Taiiypus). 



Geikie. 



