BEAKED WHALES, FAMILY ZIPHIID^ — TRUE. 43 



Fifteenth caudal (vert. 42) : Similar to fourteenth caudal, but sides extend- 

 ing upward and downward in a ridge. Inferior foramina nearly as far apart as 

 superior and posterior epiphysis much smaller than anterior. 



Sixteenth caudal (vert. 43) : Similar to fifteenth caudal, but the disproportion 

 of epiphyses greater and lateral ridges higher. Superior and inferior surfaces of 

 centrum inclined. 



Seventeenth caudal (vert. 44) : Similar to preceding, but smaller. 



Eighteenth caudal (vert. 45) : Longer than high. Inferior ridge longer and 

 larger than superior. Groove very large. Anterior face of centrum deeply con- 

 cave, posterior fiat. Posterior epiphysis very much smaller than anterior. Foram- 

 ina very small, practically obliterated on right side. 



Newport (male). — First caudal (vert. 27): Similar to last lumbar, but trans- 

 verse process shorter, about two-thirds as long as centrum, oblong and but little 

 constricted at base; distal margin nearly straight. The process does not extend 

 forward quite to the line of the anterior face of centrum. No inferior median ridge, 

 but strong posterior chevron processes. Postero-inferior oblique grooves very 

 distinct. 



Seventh caudal (vert. 33) : Similar to the same vertebra in Barnegat skeleton, 

 but neural spine more inclined backward and anterior border deeply concave. 

 Metapophyses oblong, directed upward, not reaching anterior face of centrum as 

 they do in Barnegat skeleton. Anterior face of centrum receding superiorly and the 

 ridge opposite it on side of centrum shorter than in Barnegat skeleton. Ridge 

 behind metapophyses indistinct. Postero-inferior oblique grooves as in Barnegat 

 skeleton, but piercing transverse process, forming a foramen. Anterior and posterior 

 chevron processes very large and receding very much, as do also the anterior and 

 posterior faces of centrums. 



Eleventh caudal (vert. 37) : Similar to Barnegat skeleton, but spine shorter 

 than centrum and not extending beyond it anteriorly or posteriorly. Metapo- 

 physes similar, but wider apart. 



Twelfth caudal (vert. 38) : Neural arch barely complete. No spine. 



Thirteenth to nineteenth caudals (vert. 39-45) : Similar to those of Barnegat 

 skeleton. 



Twentieth caudal (vert. 4G) : Rudeh' triangular, with a peg-like posterior pro- 

 jection, bearing the very small posterior epiphysis. No foramina. Anterior epi- 

 physis deeply concave in middle. 



Charleston (female, jr.). — First caudal (vert. 28): Similar to last lumbar, but 

 only a faint inferior median i-idge. Inferior outline of centrum antero-posteriorly 

 very concave, which is not the case in the Barnegat and Newport skeletons. Pos- 

 terior chevron processes prominent. Postero-inferior oblique grooves shallow. 



Seventli caudal (vert. 34) : Like the Newport skeleton. The transverse process 

 not pierced or emarginate. Postero-inferior oblique grooves indistinct. Ridges on 

 centrum very distinct. Right anterior and posterior chevron processes united and 

 pierced by a foramen. 



Tenth caudal (vert. 37) : Similar to tlie same vertebra in Newport skeleton, but 

 neural spine very short. 



24765— Bull. 73— 10 4 



