Figure 6. — Ihe Most Important Sinoi.k Feature 

 illustraU-d in Richard Arkvvright's British patent 1 1 1 1 

 of December i6, 1775, provided "a crank and a 

 frame of iron with teeth" to remove the carded fibers 

 from the cylinder. 



perpetual revolving cloth, called a feeder," that fed 

 the fibers into the machine.- Shortly afterward, the 

 stripper rollers ^ and the doffer comb ■* (a mechanical 

 utilization of Paul's hand device) were added. Both 

 James Hargrcavcs and Richard Arkwrighl claimed to 

 Ije the inventor of these improvements, but it was 

 Arkwright who, in 1775, first patented these ideas. 

 His comb and crank (see fig. 6) provided a mechanical 

 means by which the carded fibers could be removed 

 from the cylinder. With this, the cylinder card be- 

 came a practical machine. Arkwright continued the 

 modification of the dofling end by drawing the carded 

 fibers through a funnel and then passing them through 

 two rollers. This produced a continuous sliver, a 

 narrow ribbon of fibers ready to be spun into yarn. 

 However, it was soon realized that the bulk charac- 

 teristic desired in woolen yarns (but not desired in the 

 compact types such as worsted yarns or cotton yarns) 

 required that the wool be carded in a machine that 

 would help prochice this. 



cylinder working with stationary cards and the 

 stripping comb. 



Another important Britisli patent was granted in 

 1748 to Daniel Bourn, who invented a machine with 

 four carding rollers set close together, the first of the 

 roller-card type (see fig. 5). To produce a practical 

 carding machine, however, several additional me- 

 chanical improvements were necessary. The first of 

 these did not appear until more than two decades 

 later, in 1772, when John Lees of Manchester is 

 reported to have invented a machine featuring "a 



- Edward Baincs, History of Ihe cotton manufacture in Great 

 Britain, London, 1835, p. 176. 



2 The wire points of the worker roller pick up the fibers from 

 the faster moving main cylinder, carding the fibers on contact. 

 A stripping action takes place when tlie wires of the worker 

 roller meet the points of the stripper roller in a "point to back" 

 action. This arrangement is used to remove the wool from the 

 worker and put it back on the wire teeth of the main cylinder. 

 Illustrated in VV. Van Bergen and H. R. Mauersbcrger, Ameri- 

 can wool handbook. New York, 1948, p. 451. 



* The doffer comb, a serrated metal plate the length of the 

 rollers, removes the carded fibers from the last roller or doffer. 



^'^^^^,^^_ 



N£ J^iiOsrECTor T^ Town or NKAMJIH^ PORT. 



Figure 7. — Newburvport, Massachusetts, in 1796, a.n Engravinc; From Joii.n J. Currier's 

 History nf .Xewhuryport, Massachusetts, 1764-1909, vol. 2, Newburyport, 1906-09. 



P.APER 1: SCIIUUIELU \\OOL-C.\RDI.\G M.\CHINES 



