Chronological Chart 



Classical Europe 



3rd C, B.C. Archimedes plaiielariiiin 

 2nd C, B.C. Hipparchus Slereograpliic Projeclion 

 I St C, B.C. Vitruvius hodometer and water clocks 

 65, B.C. (ca.) Antikythcra machine 

 ist C, A.D. Hero hodometer and water clocks 

 and C, A.D. Salzbiug and Vosgcs anaphoric clocks 



Isi.AM 



807 Harun-al-Rashid 



850 (ca.) Earliest extant astrolabes 



1000 Geared astrolabe of al-Biruni 



1025 Equatorium text 



1 150 .Saladin clock 



1200 (ca.) Ridvvan water-clocks, per- 

 petual motion and weight drive 

 1206 al-Jazari clocks, etc. 

 1 22 1 Geared astrolabe 

 1232 Charlemagne clock 

 1243 al-Konpas (compass) 



1272 Alfonsine corpus clock with mer- 

 cury drum, equatoria 



Europe 

 1000 (Jcrbert astronomical model 



1 1 87 Neckham on compass 

 1 1 g8 Jocelin on water clock 



1245 Villard clocktower,"escapement," 

 perpetual motion 



1267 Villers Abbey clock 



1269 Percgrinus, compass and per- 

 petual motion 



1271 Robertus .\nglicus, animated 

 models and "perpetual motion" 

 clock 



1285 Drover's water clock with wheel 

 and weight drive 



1300 (ca.) French geared astrolabe 



1320 Richard of Wallinglbrd astro- 

 nomical clock and equatorium 



1364 dc Dondi's astronomical clock 

 with mechanical escapement 



later 14th C. Tradition of escapement 

 clocks continues and degen- 

 erates into simple timc-kcepcrs 



China 

 4th C, B.C. Power gearing 



and C, A.D. Chang llcng animated 

 globe hodometer 

 Continuing tradition of animated 

 astronomical models 

 725 Invention of Chinese escapement 

 by I-Hsing and Liang Ling- 

 tsan 



1074 Shen Kua, clocks and magnetic 



compass 

 1080 Su Sung clock built 

 iioi Su Sung clock destroyed 



India 



1 1 00 (ca.) .Surya Siddhanta animated 

 astronomical models and per- 

 petual motion 



1150 {ca.) Siddhanta Siromani ani- 

 mated models and perpetual 



PAPER 6: CLOCKWORK, PERPETUAL MOTION DEVICES, AND THE COMPASS 



11 



