formed on April 21, 1820, by the merger of the Lehigh 
Coal Company and the Lehigh Navigation Company 
(Appendix IIT). White and Hazard subscribed to ap- 
proximately three-fifths of the additional amount of 
capital required to effect this reorganization. With this 
additional capital the navigation was placed in opera- 
tion after repairing some dams that had been destroyed 
during the winter of 1819. Three hundred and sixty- 
five tons of coal were sent to Philadelphia in 1820, and 
so began the first regular shipment of coal from the 
Lehigh region via the navigation." 
The organization was completely reorganized by the 
directors on May 1, 1821, with an accompanying in- 
crease in stock. The name of the new amalgamation 
was “The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company.” All 
the operations became more closely aligned and Josiah 
White and Erskine Hazard gave up their special rights 
and became ordinary stockholders. The management 
became the responsibility of five managers, with two 
(White and Hazard) located in Mauch Chunk and 
three in Philadelphia.** 
Financial problems still confronted this new organi- 
zation with investors being reluctant to purchase more 
stock and the stockholders being concerned about their 
personal liability as the organization was not incorpo- 
rated. To overcome these difficulties, an application 
was submitted to the legislature, which, on February 
13, 1822, approved an act of incorporation. This act 
also enabled the company to increase its capital stock 
with new subscriptions amounting to $83,950.1° Later 
in the same year, the descending route of the Lehigh 
Navigation was inspected by commissioners appointed 
by the Governor for this purpose. The commissioners’ 
report was favorable and on January 17, 1823, the 
Governor granted the company a license to take tolls, 
but no toll was charged until 1827.°° 
The boats, or arks, on the navigation were designed 
as flat bottomed shallow boxes, from 16 to 18 feet wide 
and from 20 to 25 feet long. Two of these boats were 
connected by “hinges” to allow them flexibility when 
passing through the dams. As the boatmen became ex- 
perienced in handling the arks in pairs, the number of 
sections in one ark was increased until overall lengths 
of 180 feet were obtained. These arks were steered with 
long oars, similar to those used on rafts. The arks were 
“ Lehigh History, op. cit., p. 11. 
4 Tbid. jpar l2- 
“ Thid., p. 13. 
” Ibid., p. 15. 
ND GENERAL NEWS. 926 
WINGLE TOW.—Two cents a pound will be paid for good 
| K clean Swingle ‘Tow at Mauch Chunk. J. WHITE, A. M. 
|FFNHE BOARD OF MANAGERS ot the Cemgh Coal and 
| Navigation Company have resolved that for the year 1830, 
ithe Toll on SLATE be 1 cents per ton six feet lift or fall. 
On Coal J 2 cents per ton per six feet or full (equal to 104 cents 
‘a ton from Mauch Chunk to the Delaware, being a lockuge of 300 
|feet,) 
The Toll on all other articles the same as last year Viz: 
|| Three fourths ofa cent per ton for every six feet lift or fall, on 
| kimestone, Gypsum, Manure, Clay, Iron Ore, Stone, Firewood, 
| Sand, Earth, and Hydraulic Lime. 
1} cents per ton for every six feet lift or fall on Bricks, Lime 
j|Marble, Bark, Vegetables, Hay, Straw Salt, and Lumber in 
| Boats. 
1} ofa cent per ton for every six feet lift or fall, on Grain and 
Seeds of all sorts, Flour, Cider, Frunt, Oysters, Beer, Porter and 
Pig-tron, 
2 cents per ton for every six feet lift or fall, on Beef, Pork, Fish, 
Lard, Butter and Whiskey. 
|| On Lumber in rafis, and allarticles not enumerated, 27 cents per 
ton for every six fvet fall or litt. 
On Boats and vessels made and used for the transportation of 
passengers—10 cents for every six feet lift or fall. 
On boats or vessels passing up, except boats for passengers,—S 
cents for every six feet lift or fll 
List of quantities which are to be deemed and estimated as a 
ton in collecting the tolls, viz: 
FLOUR.—10}3 barrels: Whiskey—S barrels, or 2 hogsheads: 
Wheat, Rye, Indian Corn, and Flaxseed—40 bushels: Oats—S0 
bushels: Barley, 50 bushels. Stone, four fifths of one perch :— 
|Salt Fish, 72 barrels, or 14 halfbarrels: Lumber, 1000 feet board 
{measure, 2000 3 feet shingles, 3000 2 feet do 5000 I foot 6 inch 
do. 1000 burrel staves and heading, 700 hugshead do. 100 rails or 
||posts, 1000 Hoop-poles : Cordwood, balf a cord: Bncks, 500: 
Sul, Liverpool fine, 45 bushels ; all other deseriptions, 52 bushels : 
far, 7 barrels: Rosin, 8 barrels ; Oysters, 4000: Lime, 28 bush- 
els: Window Glass, 2500 feet. 
The Offices of collection are at Mauch Chunk, Lehigh Gap, 
Allentown, Bethlehem, and South-easton, atwhich places on a re= 
ceipt of the toll, permits will be granted (with a reduction of 23 per 
cent) tothe place of destination, The tollis always tobe paid he- 
fore the boat or craft passes the LOCK. 
|| The price of coax, at Mauch Chunk, by the cancoto descend 
\|the canal subject to the ubove toll, two doliarsand 26 cents per ton. 
The prices of coal at other places on the Lehigh the same as 
last year JOSIAH WHITE, 
Mauch Chunk, 1st, mo, 26, 1830, tf Acting Manager, 
TA! OTICE.—The subscriber hereby gives notice, that he. will 




Figure 4.—LrEHIGH NAVIGATION RATES OF TOLL, January 28, 
1830. (Mauch Chunk Courier.) 
built by hand and five men could fabricate one section 
in 45 minutes.*? These arks made only one downward 
trip, and upon reaching Philadelphia were broken up 
and the lumber sold. The hardware was returned by 
the boatmen to Mauch Chunk and reused in the con- 
struction of new arks. This type of boat was in use on 
the navigation until 1833, when the Delaware Division 
of the Pennsylvania Canal was opened and permitted 
up-and-down river passage. 
The wooden arks were constructed mainly of pine 
lumber obtained from nearby forests. The boards were 
placed in cross courses and fastened together with nails. 
To ensure tight fitting joints, a joiner’s plane was 
drawn along the edge (lengthwise) of the board to 
produce a continuous even surface. In the boat yards 
at Laurel Run (18 miles above Mauch Chunk), the 
plane was driven by waterpower and at Mauch Chunk 
* Tbid., p. 14. 
96 BULLETIN 252: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY 
