The active companies in the Lehigh region soon dis- 
covered that to conduct operations in all phases of the 
industry was not in their best interests for continued 
growth. Leasing arrangements were negotiated for the 
individual services—mining, transportation, and mar- 
keting. This procedure proved to be practicable and 
eventually contracts were negotiated (to individuals 
and organizations) whereby a royalty was received for 
the privilege of managing the mining and shipping 
operations. 
The companies attempted to retain ownership of 
their equipment and properties, but consolidations and 
mergers of companies occurred in several instances to 
achieve more efficient mining operations. The leasing 
procedures separated corporate activities from mining 
operations and resulted in more efficient utilization 
of the industry’s facilities. 
The markets for anthracite were expanding quite 
rapidly during the early 1840s and did not present a 
major problem for the industry. The promotional ef- 
forts of The Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company 
were aided by the introduction of improved grate and 
stove design for burning anthracite, the use of anthra- 
cite as a fuel in blast-furnace operations and the use 
of anthracite for heating public buildings. The demand 
for Lehigh coal continued to grow as the various utili- 
zation means proved efficient. 
The development of the Lehigh region during the 
first 25 years required an investment of approximately 
$12.2 million. The amount of capital obtained during 
the early years represented an outstanding accomplish- 
ment by the promoters of the industry. Credit should 
be given them for their strong convictions as to the 
future economic value of this natural resource. 
Supplemental Bibliography 
Bowen, [Ete] Ext. The Coal Regions of Pennsylvania. E. N. 
Carvalho, Pottsville, Pa., 1848. 

The Pictorial Sketchbook of Pennsylvania. W. P. 
Hazard, Philadelphia, Pa., 1852. 
Jones, CHESTER L. Anthracite- Tidewater Canals. Winston Co., 
Philadelphia, 1908. 
Mauch Chunk Courier. Mauch Chunk, Pa., 1829-44. 
Miners Journal. Pottsville, Pa., 1825-45. 
Morton, ELEANOR. Josiah White, Prince of Pioneers. Stephen 
Daye, New York, 1946. 
Nile’s Weekly Register. Baltimore, Md., vols. 6-46, 1814-34. 
Smiru, SaMuEL R. The Black Trail of Anthracite. Kingston, 
N.Y., 1907. 
Taytor, RicHarp C. Statistics of Coal. J. W. Moore, 
Philadelphia, 1848. 
WuitE, Josiau. Josiah White's History Given by Himself. 
G. H. Buchanan, Philadelphia, 1909. 
PAPER 72: ANTHRACITE IN THE LEHIGH VALLEY 
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