AMERICAN" BATS OF THE GENERA MYOTIS AND PIZONYX 151 



with well-developed hypocone, the base of which is strongly marked 

 off from that of the protocone. Protoconule usually less developed 

 than in M. lucifugus^ rarely absent ; paraloph usually well developed, 

 even when the protoconule is vestigial. Metaloph when present 

 apparently always confined to the bottom of the valley between bases 

 of hypocone and metacone; not infrequently it is absent in one or 

 both teeth. Cingulum clearly marked, but not passing around 

 antero-lingual base of protocone. The small premolars are little 

 crowded ; those of the mandible may be spaced, though usually they 

 are in contact. 



Remarks. — Myotis califomicus does not seem to extend its range 

 beyond the northern border of the United States except for a short 

 distance on the Pacific coast. It is apparently represented in eastern 

 Asia by Myotis mouplveiisi-s which it closely resembles in size, in 

 the relatively small and delicate feet with distinctly keeled calcar, 

 and in the long silky pelage with contrasted brownish tips and dark 

 bases. The third metacarpal, however, is not quite so long in the 

 Asiatic species. Since the northward ranges of this species and of 

 Myotis volans on the west coast of America are nearly coextensive, 

 it may be expected that the ranges of their Asiatic representatives, 

 M. moupinensis and M. frater respectively, will eventually be found 

 to be so likewise on the other side of the Pacific. Presumably in 

 Tertiary times these areas of distribution were continuous. Some 

 conclusion as to the higher temperature then prevailing to the north- 

 ward when the two continents were united, might therefore be de- 

 duced by a comparison of the temperatures now found at the limits 

 of these species' range on opposite sides of the Pacific. 



In its area of dispersal as well as in the number and character of 

 its local forms Myotis califarnictis closely parallels M. yumanenMs. 

 Each species has a dark race on the humid '' northwest coast," a 

 pallid race in the desert interior of the western United States, a form 

 intermediate in color occurring over a wide area where the climatic 

 conditions are neither saturate nor excessively dry, and finally a 

 richly colored form in southern Mexico. Specimens of the two 

 animals are sometimes not very distinctive in color, but the large 

 foot of Myotis yimianensls and the very small foot of M. calif ornicus 

 are always diagnostic in such instances. 



MYOTIS CALIFORNICUS CALIFORNICUS (Audubon and Bachman) 



Vespertilio califomicus AnoxiBON and Bachman, Jo'urn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 

 delphia, ser. 1, vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 285, 1842. 



Vespertilio nitidus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 247 

 (Monterey, California) ; Monogr. Bats North Amer., Smithsonian Misc. 

 Coll., No. 165, p. 60, fig. 57-59, June, 1864— Dobson, Catal. Chiroptera 

 Brit. Mus., p. 318, 1878. — H. Allen, Monogr. Bats North Amer., Bull. 



