plain at the other, apparently for attachment. 

 E4. 



26. Staple or light handle for a small box, the narrow- 

 ends perhaps originally clenched and since 

 broken. C3. 



27. Handle of spoon, pewter, a heart-shaped terminal 

 above two small lobes, the letter m stamped with 

 a well-cut die close to the edge, and a roughly 

 incised cross below it. A late 17th-century 

 terminal form. Kll. 



FIGURE 16 



1. Tobacco-pipe bowl, clay, white surface and grey 

 core, the bowl heavy and bulbous, large flat heel, 

 rouletted line below the mouth, stem-hole diam- 

 eter ^4 inch. (See no. 19 for possible parallel.) 

 About 1650-1690. E7. 



2. Tobacco-pipe bowl and incomplete stem, clay, 

 white surface and grey core, cylindrical bowl 

 form with shallow heel extending from the fore 

 edge of the bowl, initials v r on either side of 

 heel, stem-hole diameter % t inch. About 1680- 

 1700. E4. Another example from B6A. 



3. Tobacco-pipe bowl, clay, white surface and grey 

 core, form similar to No. 2, but the heel slightly 

 more pronounced and with rouletted line below 

 the mouth, stem-hole diameter % 4 inch. About 

 1680-1700. A3. 



4. Tobacco-pipe bowl, white clay, form similar to 

 no. 2, but more slender and the heel smaller, 

 stem-hole diameter % t inch. About 1675-1700. 

 E7. 



5. Tobacco-pipe bowl, white clay, evolved form of 

 no. 2, the bowl at a more pronounced angle to 

 the stem, stem-hole diameter %4 inch. About 

 1690-1720. A3. 



6. Tobacco-pipe bowl, white clay, the bowl shape 

 a cross between no. 2 and the more elegant and 

 slender style of no. 7, pronounced and somewhat 

 spreading heel with maker's initials H I on 

 either side, stem-hole diameter r, 61 inch. About 

 1670-1700. A3. 



7. Tobacco-pipe bowl, clay, white surface and grey 

 core, narrow "swan-neck" form with small heel 

 that is almost a spur, rouletted line below the 

 mouth, stem-hole diameter 7 ,, 4 inch, about 

 1680-1700. E4. 



Another example (not illustrated) bears the 

 maker's initials wp (or r) on the sides of the 



heel,"'' stem-hole diameter % t inch. A3. 



8. Tobacco-pipe bowl, white clay, form similar to 

 no. 7 except that the bowl is not quite as long 

 and the fore edge of the heel is less pronounced, 

 stem-hole diameter 'v, inch, about 1680- 1700. 

 A3. 



9. Tobacco-pipe bowl, white clay, the bowl broader 

 and at a sharper angle to the stem than in the 

 preceding examples, the heel shallow and its fore 

 edge extending from the bowl as in nos. 2-5, 

 stem-hole diameter % 4 inch, about 1690 



A3. This example is significant in that it repre- 

 sents the evolutionary merging of the cylindrical 

 and bulbous bowl forms, with their varying heels 

 and spurs, into a single bowl shape that persisted 

 through the 18th century. It should be noted that 

 the illustrated bowl retains the thin-walled cir- 

 cular mouth common to most examples of its 

 period. The mouth often becomes more oval and 

 the walls thicker in specimens dating later into 

 the 18th century. 



10. Tobacco-pipe bowl, white clay, more or less 

 cylindrical rouletted line below the mouth, and 

 with neither heel nor spur. The absence of 

 these last features is thought to have been dic- 

 tated by English pipemakers catering for the 

 American Indian market and initially cop\ ing 

 aboriginal forms. Stem-hole diameter 7 64 inch, 

 about 1680-1700. H3. 



11. Fragment of tobacco-pipe bowl and stem, clay, 

 white surface and pink core to bowl, but burnt 

 white through stem; bowl shape apparently simi- 

 lar to no. 10, stamped initials across top of stem 

 at the fracture, if flanked on either side by a 

 period and a cross, 54 stem-hole diameter % t inch. 

 E4. 



12. Tobacco-pipe bowl and stem fragment, white 

 clay, the form very similar to no. 10 but without 

 rouletting below the mouth. The pipe is of 

 interest in that the stem fracture has been pared 



53 A William Partridge was named in the Bristol Freedom 

 Roll for 1689, cf. Oswald, op. cit. (footnote 30), p. 88. 



'< Ibid., p. 70. Perhaps Jacob Fox. Bristol Freedom Roll for 

 1688, or John Fletcher, Chester Freedom Roll 1673, or Josiah 

 Fox ofNewcastle-under-Lyme >■ '^ing in 1684. ( >ther 



examples with this mark occur in groups A3 and A4, a] 



the Harwood property (surface find) close to the north hank of 

 Aberdeen (Clay Bank) Creek. Seep. 14. A single unstratified 

 example has been found in Williamsburg, coming from dis- 

 turbed topsoil behi i in's Dwelling on Duke of 

 Gloucester Street. 



PAPER 52: EXCAVATIONS AT CLAY BANK 



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