resembling those of Pit C, which was situated only 

 one foot to the east. Stratigraphy also followed much 

 the same sequence: Four inches of brick rubble on 

 the top (T.N. 26), then 6 inches of red clay (T.N. 22) 

 overlying the main fill of wood ash and becoming 

 mixed with silted clay at the bottom (T.N. 23). The 

 red clay had mixed with the top of the pit fill and a 

 number of artifacts spanned the division of the strata, 

 among them a rim sherd from a polychrome delftware 

 charger (about 1670-1690) and part of an inverted 

 baluster wineglass stem of the beginning of the 18th 

 century. 



The primary ash deposit, which proved to be the 

 richest on the site, included delft drug-jar fragments, 

 porringers and bowls, Westerwald tankard sherds, 

 brown stoneware, Yorktown coarse wares, and much 

 Colono-Indian pottery. Small finds included pewter 

 spoons, scissors, part of a sword guard, iron dividers, 

 and a sickle and table knives of late 17th-century 

 character. Tobacco-pipe fragments pointed to a 

 dating in the third decade of the 18th century, as 

 also did a single wine bottle found at the bottom of 

 the pit. 



Dating: About 1730-1740, on the above evidence. 



PIT E 



This deposit lay some 3 feet to the west of Pit D, 

 and it was found on the last day of excavation. Con- 

 sequently time only permitted a test hole (measuring 

 1 ft. 9 in. by 1 ft. 9 in.) to be made into the pit at its 

 northwest corner, from which point horizontal prob- 

 ing indicated that the pit measured 4 ft. by 2 ft. 8 

 in. and was shown by the test cut to be 2 ft. 9 in. 

 deep. Unlike the other pits in this series, the con- 

 tents consisted of a single brown-soil deposit (T.N. 24) 

 containing brickbats, oystershells, and a small quan- 

 tity of ceramics, notably the base of an ornamental 

 delftware cup and a large part of a Yorktown earthen- 

 ware bowl. Of significance was a fragment of Colono- 

 Indian pottery that joined onto a bowl found in Pit 

 D, indicating that both deposits were of the same 

 date. Additional finds included pipe fragments and 

 an iron horseshoe. 



Dating: About 1730-1740, principally on evidence 

 of matching sherds of Indian pottery. 



PIT F 



This was an oval pit situated 2 feet north of Pit C. 

 Being only partially within the area of excavation and 

 owing to its close proximity to the poorly preserved 



north foundation of the kitchen, this deposit was 

 only partially excavated, i.e., an area 4 ft. 2 in. by 3 

 ft. 9 in. The pit had a depth of 1 ft. 10 in. and con- 

 tained a deposit of ash mixed with dirty clay CI ..V 

 19). From this filling came several pieces of Colono- 

 Indian polychrome delftware, Yorktown 

 earthenv. ircelain, part of a heavy 

 wineglass knop, and one minute sherd of white salt 

 glaze on which the pit's terminal dating is based. 

 Dating: About 1730-1740. 



OTHER DEPOSITS YIELDING ARTIFACTS 

 ILLUSTRATED 



Deposits T.N. 1, T.N. 2.— Deposit T.N. 1 was in a 

 6-inch stratum of rich black soil outside the north- 

 west corner of the kitchen and partially covered by a 

 large tree stump. While some of the black dirt over- 

 lay the corner foundation, its looseness suggests that it 

 was pushed there during the bulldozing. No traces 

 of the stratum extended inside the kitchen, and the 

 artifacts were consistently of dates prior to the con- 

 struction of the building. Finds included a pewter 

 spoon handle, brown stoneware with a rare white 

 interior, a tobacco-pipe bowl with maker's initials 

 "H S," a wineglass stem comparable to that from 

 pit B, and panes of window glass measuring 23s in. by 

 \% in. and 1% in. by 2% 6 in. 



Deposit T.N. 2 was a 2-inch layer of burnt clay 

 flecked with wood ash. It lay beneath the black soil 

 level and probably was deposited when the kitchen 

 was built. Consequently, the upper level can only 

 have been laid clown after that time. Finds included 

 one sherd of Spanish majolica and a fragment of a 

 tobacco-pipe bowl bearing the name of Tippet, a 

 family of Bristol pipemakers in the late 17th and 

 early 18th centuries. 59 



Dating: It is assumed that the clay (T.X. 2) was 

 contemporary with the construction date of the 

 kitchen (about 1730-1740) and that the black fill 

 (T.N. 1) was deposited soon afterward. 



Deposit T.N. 3. — A continuation of the red clay 

 inside the kitchen chimney. Finds include one 

 Rhenish "Bellarminc'' 60 sherd and a pewter spoon 

 handle. 



59 Adrian Oswald, " \ Case i f Transatlantic Deduction,'' 

 Antiques (July 1959). vol. "6, no. I, pp. 59-61. 



11 For an example of comparable shape and date, see figure 

 6 of Ivor Noel Hume, "German Stoneware Bellarmines — An 

 Introduction," Antiques (November 1958\ vol. "4. no. 5. pp. 

 439-441. 



PAPER 53: EXCAVATIONS AT TUTTER S NECK 



49 



