and although deposited in the second quarter of the 

 18th century they are generally of earlier date. 

 The surprising preponderance of late 17th-century 

 items in this and other contexts tends to support the 

 theory that the house served as a quarter toward the 

 end of its life and that the furnishings, tools, and 

 utensils consequently were already worn and old- 

 fashioned when provided for use by the slaves. 



CERAMICS 



Like the metal items, the ceramics are predomi- 

 nantly of the late 17th and early 18th century, though 

 frequently found in contexts of the second quarter 

 of the latter century. The quality and variety of 

 the wares is somewhat surprising, the finds including 

 some items that are today of considerable raritv. 

 Notable among them is the saucer in a reversed 

 "Nevers" style that is seemingly without parallel 

 (fig. 18, no. 8), a London delftware "charger'' of 

 massive proportions and uncommon design (fig. 18, 

 no. 10), a lead-glazed Staffordshire bowl fragment 

 (see fig. 19, no. 9), and part of a brown-surfaced white 

 stoneware jug that may have come from the factory 

 of John Dwight of Fulham near London.' 1 ' 



The majority of the delftwares have the appearance 

 of London manufacture, rather than that of Bristol 

 or Liverpool. As a broad generalization it may be 

 claimed that the former trend in Virginia was 

 characteristic of the 17th century but was reversed 

 in the 18th. 



An unusually large percentage of Colono-Indian 

 pottery was present, predominantly in pits dating 

 from the second quarter of the 18th century. The 

 same contexts also yielded a high proportion of lead- 

 glazed earthenware cream pans manufactured at 

 Yorktown, presumably at the factory of William 

 Rogers that may have been operating as early as 

 1725. 67 



Although all the items found on the Tutter's Neck 

 site emanate from contexts of 18th-century date, most 

 of the delftwares and some of the stoneware items are 

 without parallel in nearby Williamsburg, the 18th- 



6 « See: J. F. Blacker, The ABC of English Salt-i ■ 

 Stoneware from Dwight to Doulton (London: S. Paul & Co., 

 1922), p. 34ff. ; and Ivor Noel Hume, "Bellarmines and 

 Mr. Dwight," Wine and Spirit Trade Record (December 1", 

 1956), pp. 1628-1632. 



67 C. Malcolm Watkins and Ivor Noel Hume. 'The Poor 

 Potter' of Yorktown" (paper 54 in Contributions from the Museum 

 of History and Technology, U.S. National Museum Bulletin 249, 

 by various authors), Washington: Smithsonian Institution, in 

 press. 



PAPER 53: EXCAVATIONS AT TUTTER''s NECK 



tury cultural and economic center of Virginia I 

 Lay only three miles away. Once again, therefore, 

 the artifacts point to a 17th-century survival and per- 

 projection, to a low standard of living. 

 An :. : of a terminal date for the life of the 



site is by the total absence of English white 



salt-glazed s from all except one stratified 



deposit . bat does not seem to have 



reached the colon hi 1 decade of the 



18th century,'' 8 most of it arriving after about 1" 

 It must be recorded, however, that fragments of this 

 later period were found scattered on the surface, but 

 it was impossible to determine whence th. 



GLASS BOTTLES 



Wine bottles'' 9 provided the key to the entire 

 excavation, first by possessing seals (fig. 6) that 

 identified the owner of the property and secondly by 

 providing dating evidence for the construction of the 

 kitchen; thus there was avoided an error of dating that 

 would otherwise have been inevitable. In addition, 

 the group of bottles from Pit B (T.N. 30) provided a 

 valuable series of specimens of varying shapes, all of 

 which were in use together at the beginning of the 

 18th century. (See fig. 19, nos. 11-20 I 



A few small fragments of green pharmaceutical 

 phials were also recovered, but none was sufficiently 

 large to merit illustration. 



TABLE GLASS 



Although wine-bottle glass was plentiful, table glass 

 was comparatively scarce. It was confined to the 

 three wineglasses illustrated as nos. 16-18 of figure 17, 

 a 17th-century wineglass-stem fragment similar to no. 

 17 of figure 17 (see footnote 94), heavy tumbler-base 

 fragments of typical 18th-century type (from T.N. 24, 

 27), and a fragment from a fine gadrooned Romer of 

 late 17th-century date (fig. 20, no. 8). 



Conclusions 



The Tutter's Neck excavations represented the 

 partial exploration of a small colonial dwelling and 

 outbuilding, both of which ceased to exist by about 



M The earliest known importation is indicated in Boston 

 \ , , -Letter of January 17, 1724 (G. F. Dow. The Arts and 

 England, 7704-1775, Topsfield, Massachusetts: 

 The Wayside Press, 192". p. 82). 



m The common term "wine bottle'' is used here for the sake 

 of convenience, though it should be realized that bottles were 

 not specifically shaped to contain wine but were used for any 

 and all liquids from beer to oil. 



55 



