THE BURROWING BARNACLES (CIRRIPEDIA: ACROTHORACICA ) 31 



end of body; one pair of cirri usually present in vicinity of mouth; 

 with or without caudal appendages. Three pairs of mouth appendages: 

 mandible with palp, first and second maxillae. Abdomen lacking in 

 adult. Males dwarf and much reduced in structure; ovaries contained 

 in a more or less flattened part of mantle, the same forming at least 

 in part the cemented point of attachment to the burrow wall. Develop- 

 ment always includes a cyprid stage, free nauplii frequently deleted. 

 Live buried in barnacle, chiton, gastropod, and pelecypod shells, and 

 in corals, bryozoans, and limestone. Fossil forms in limestone, corals, 

 echinoids, and many mollusk shells; Carboniferous to Recent. 



Suborder PYGOPHORA Berndt, 1907b, page 288 



Acrothoracica with terminal cirri biramous; brain with two ventral 

 ganglia; alimentary canal complete; caudal appendage may be present 

 or absent. 



Family LITHOGLYPTIDAE AURIVILLIUS, 1892, page 133 



Kochlorinidae Gruvel, 1905, pages 328, 335; Berndt, 1907b, page 287. 



Balanodytidae Utinomi, 1950b, page 5; 1950c, page 458. 



Berndtiidae Utinomi, 1950c, page 457. 



Chytraeidae Utinomi, 1950c, page 457. 



Zapfellidae Codez and Saint-Seine, 1957, page 704. 



Rogerellidae Codez and Saint-Seine, 1957, page 709. 



Utinomiidae Tomlinson, 1963, page 264. 



Diagnosis: Pygophora with alimentary canal without gut teeth 

 (gizzard); mouth cirrus well developed; labrum of same relative size 

 as rest of well-developed mouthparts; burrow aperture a tapered slit; 

 caudal appendage may be present. 



Weltneria Berndt, 1907b, page 289 



Utinomia Tomlinson, 1963c, page 264. 



Type-species: Weltneria spinosa Berndt, 1907b. 



Diagnosis: Lithoglyptidae with five pairs of biramous terminal 

 cirri; caudal appendages present. Heavily chitinized operculum with 

 numerous small marginal teeth; lateral bar of weak granulations or 

 absent; males with blunt posterior projection. 



In view of the fact that Weltneria spinosa had been placed incertae 

 sedis by several workers, and type-specimens were not available (in 



