112 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 296 



It is clear that this species is closest associated with C. longicollatus 

 Berndt. The main points of difference are as follows: Berndt's illus- 

 tration (fig. 23) shows a much longer neck (up to one-third as long 

 as entire animal), with two spines on a straight operculum. The teeth 

 along the lateral bar he illustrates on the dorsal side, whereas in 

 C. lanceolatus they are ventral. His species is up to 1.44 mm (of 45 

 to 50 specimens), whereas C. lanceolatus averages 1.77 mm, and is up 

 to 2.0 mm long. He does not describe a mouth cirrus, which C. lanceo- 

 latus lacks. The differences of host and locality are not considered 

 significant. The barbed "lances" of C. lanceolatus are considered 

 unique and should not have been overlooked by other workers. 



The opercular spines and the serrated secondary teeth of C. lanceo- 

 latus are much like those of C. variabilis. The latter lacks the barbed 

 shafts, however, and of course can be differentiated by the presence 

 of mouth cirri and much heavier body musculature. 



The burrow: The burrow in cryptophialids is hard to describe, 

 especially in shells overgrown with a variety of organisms, particularly 

 algae. The interior of the burrow is essentially the same shape as the 

 female animal, the major difference being that the attachment area 

 is somewhat shallower than would be surmised, i.e., the neck can 

 extend slightly out of the burrow. 



The burrow aperture is nearly oval, about 0.4 X 0.3 mm, and of a 

 shape depending to a large extent on the position within the shell 

 and the associated organisms. 



Cryptophialus unguiculus, new species 



Figure 29 



Diagnosis: Cryptophialus with long, hyaline shafts on medial sur- 

 face of operculum not barbed. Lateral bar termination in heavy, 

 compound tooth structure resembling a bear's claw. 



Etymology: unguiculus (L.) : nail, claw, also talon or hoof, for the 

 claw-shaped teeth at the posterior end of the lateral bar. 



Distribution: Hundreds of specimens were found, dried, in the 

 type-shell, and in Turbo marmoratus L. from Nitendi, or Santa Cruz 

 Island; Turbo lajonkairi from Wake Island; and Turbo aperta Blainv. 

 from Mokolea Rock and Manana, Oahu, Hawaii, and Necker Island. 

 All specimens were closely associated with Lithoglyptes mitis, and are 

 from the Bernice P. Bishop Museum collections. 



Type-material: Holotype: BPB B461. in Thais aperta from 

 Necker Island. Paratypes: Aust, CA, Mex, Seto, SFSC, USNM, 

 Vict. Additional material: Brit, Belg, BA, Dublin, Paris, UCT. 



