CULTURE OF THE ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF THE UPPER 

 GILA RIVER REGION, NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA. 



SECOND MUSEUM-GATES EXPEDITION. 



By Walter HouGHy 

 Curator, Division of Ethnology, United States National Museum. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The object of the Museum-Gates Expedition was to examine into 

 the location, distribution, extent, and class of ruins in areas adjoin- 

 ing those alread}^ explored or partially explored by the United 

 States National Museum, and during the two seasons' work which 

 was made possible by the interest and liberality of Peter Goddard 

 Gates, much of value was accomplished. The season of 1901 was 

 spent in northeastern Arizona in investigations of ruins which had 

 not been examined by Dr. J. Walter Fewkes in previous years, the 

 results of which are published in the Annual Eeport of the United 

 States National Museum for 1901, In 1905 the work was resumed 

 and adjoining territory south of the White Mountains in Arizona 

 and New Mexico, on the Blue, San Francisco, and Tularosa Rivers, 

 was examined, thus connecting the work with that carried on by 

 Doctor Fewkes and the writer in the region of the Upper Gila during 

 the year 1897. 



The results of the second Museum- Gates Expedition are perhaps 

 even more important than those of the expedition of 1901. Of 

 objective material the results comprise a collection of several thou- 

 sand artifacts, and especially valuable because of its richness in 

 perishable objects which had been preserved in caves or other pro- 

 tective situations. The study of this series in connection with the 

 field notes, plans of sites, and natural history collections is expected 

 to throw much light on an archeological area that has not heretofore 

 been scientifically explored. 



The general considerations concerning the geography and physi- 

 ography, history, inhabitants, culture, and the distribution of the 

 ruins of this region have been presented in Bulletin 35 of the Bureau 

 of American Ethnology, Washington, 1907. "Wherever possible, 

 comparisons have been made with the customs of the actual Pueblos. 

 14278°— fiull. 87—14 2 1 



