ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF UPPER GILA EEGION. 



25 



worked, selections of material, and combinations of colors, and, as 

 far as the great collections of the United States National Museum 

 are concerned, the assertion is valid. For example, the finest beads 

 yet discovered is a string 4 inches long from Bear Creek Cave, Blue 

 River, Arizona. The individual beads measure one- 

 sixteenth of an inch in diameter and the perforation 

 is one-thirty-second of an inch. The material is black 

 steatite. From the same locality turquois beads meas- 

 ure one-twelfth of an inch with perforation of 0.023 

 of an inch. Larger beads measure three-sixteenths 

 inch with one-sixteenth inch perforation. Examina- 

 tion of these beads under a glass shows their perfec- 

 tion of form. 



Within this area the centers of the best beadwork 

 Upper Blue and San Francisco rivers, Tula- 



are; 



Fig. 37. — Chert 



DRILL FROM SpCR 



Ranch. 



rosa Vallej^, Casa Grande in the Gila-Salt drainage, 



Chaves Pass on the northern slope of the White 



Mountains, and the Petrified-Forest region in the 



drainage of the Little Colorado. The character of the work and 



materials are as follows : 



Blue River. — Travertine, white, cream, gray ; shell ; steatite, black, 

 brown, transparent brown ; turquois, blue, green ; clay slate, red and 

 brown ; fluorite, yellow, pink shaded to purple. When 

 found strung they are spaced and aiTanged according 

 to colors and are perfect specimens of fine work- 

 manship. 



L^pper San Francisco River. — Finely worked zooic 

 ornaments of shell, calcium carbonate, serpentine, and 

 turquois ; beads of travertine, steatite, and shell, often 

 two-lobed. Polishing of chalcedony is sometimes prac- 

 ticed. (See p. 27.) 



Tularosa River. — Carving in hard and fine-grain 

 stone, serpentine, hematite, etc. ; perforation of hard 

 stone; mosaic or inlay of comparatively large plates 

 of turquois. Shell carving ; bonework. 



Gila Valley — Casa Grande. — Shell carving, minute 

 stone carving in turquois, etc. Beads of fluorite, tur- 

 quois, red stone, soapstone, etc., shell. 



Chaves Pass. — Veiy fine red clay slate; steatite; 

 turquois; calcium carbonate; jet; gray limestone. 

 These beads often require a very fine needle to string 

 mosaic work here and excellent shell carving and 



Fig. 38. — Chert 

 drill from spur 

 Ranch. 



them. Finest 



etched and carved bone. 



Petrified Forest region. — Worked and polished chalcedony, agate, 

 hematite, and other hard stone fashioned into conoids, cylinders, 



