ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF UPPER GILA EEGION. 33 



small rude carving of tufa, representing some animal, probably a 

 turkey, was found in a ruin at East Camp, New Mexico. (Fig. 56.) 



PICTOGRAPHS. 



On the upper Tularosa at a point where the river enters a box 

 canj'on below Joseph^ New Mexico, are smooth cliff faces decorated 

 with numerous petroglyphs, which are generally very well drawn.'^ 

 Man}^ of these were figured by Henry Hales.' On the Blue Eiver 

 near the ranch of Heniy Jones are figures representing bear tracks, 

 deer, men, dragonflies, stars, and other objects, and along this river 

 where smooth rock faces are encountered petroglyphs may be seen. 



PAINT STONES. 



Occasionally evidences of pulverized paints are found in the graves 

 and ruins, but commonly the ancient tribes retained the paint in its 

 natural rock condition, as do the present-day 

 Pueblos, and ground the masses on flat stone sur- 

 faces with some liquid medium, when the color was 

 required. The ores from which paint was derived 

 are copper carbonate, blue and green ; kaolin and 

 limestone, white; hematite, red and brown; iron 

 ocher, red and yellow; carbon, black; tinted clays, 

 pink and cream; and in very rare instances fig. 56.— scdlptuked 



. , ANIMAL HEAD, EASX 



noticed on pottery, some agent, perhaps manganese, camp, new siEiiico, 

 was employed to produce purple. 



Sources of salt in a dry state are very few in this region. Salt 

 River takes its name from the salinity of its waters derived from 

 great salt springs which gush out into the stream at several places in 

 its course. These sources, however, do not deposit salt and are be- 

 sides very inaccessible. Zuhi salt lake, which was far but reached by 

 comparatively easy trails across the mountains, was probably visited 

 for this precious mineral. Hidden in a nook on top of the debris of 

 Tularosa Cave was found a bag of lambskin sewn with sinew con- 

 taining a hardened mass of Zuiii salt, showing plainly the depression 

 formed by the pack strap. This bag was probably deposited there at 

 an early day by Mexican herders. 



BONE. 



Art in bone was not highly developed in this section of the Pueblo 

 region, though the resources were more largely animal than in 



7 — 



^ Bull. 35, Bur. Amer. Ethnology, pi. 6, Washington, 1907. 

 » Smithsonian Kept, 1892, p. 535. 



14278°— Bull. 87—14 4 



