ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF UPPER GILA REGION. 



85 



E. W. Nelson), and this feature may have been useful as a gauge 

 for coiled pottery decoration. The other (fig. 64, Cat. No. 231887, 

 U.S.N.M., Spur Ranch, Luna, New Mexico) is squared off at the top. 

 The use of a spatulate edge awl-like tool is indicated in the exceed- 

 ingly fine imbricated coil which was worked on the surface of some 

 of the pottery of this region, and some of the specimens described 

 may have been employed for the purpose. Spikes of deer antlers 

 were ringed and broken from the antler and the point is sometimes 

 natural (fig. 65, Cat. No. 246474, U.S.N.M., Tularosa Cave), or 

 ground wedge-shape (figs. 67, 71, Cat. Nos. 232057, U.S.N.M., Spur 



Eanch, and 245485, U.S.N.M., Luna). 

 Sometimes the piece was worked and may 

 have been used to knock spalls from stone. 

 (Fig. 73, Cat. No. 246477, U.S.N.M., Tula- 

 rosa Cave.) Deer-rib Iniives were used 

 (fig. 72, Cat. No. 246481, U.S.N.M., Luna), 

 but apparently not to the ex- 

 tent observed at For- 



64. 65. 66. 67. 



Fig. 63. — Bone implement, terraced, from upper San Francisco River. 



Fig. 64. — Bone implement from Spur Ranch. 



Fig. 65. — Antler spike from Tularosa Cave. 



Fig. 66. — Antler spike with chisel point from Spur Ranch. 



Fig. 67. — Bird bone awl from Luna, New Mexico. 



Fig. 68. — Bone awl from Tularosa Cave. 



estdale and other ancient pueblos on the north side of the moun- 

 tains. 



Leather-working tools formed of long bones were found. One of 

 these (fig. 70, Cat. 246477, U.S.N.M., Tularosa Cave) is ground on 

 the face, forming a sharp edge for dressing leather; another (fig. 69, 

 Cat. No. 231892, U.S.N.M., Spur Ranch) utilizes the sharp edges bor- 

 dering the median groove of a deer's leg bone; and a third specimen 

 is made by cutting diagonally the femur of a deer (fig. 74, Cat. No. 

 231890, U.S.N.M., Spur Ranch). This is in effect the graining tool 



