ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF UPPER GILA REGION. 



73 



to recover from oblivion the vestiture of an ancient Pueblo tribe, espe- 

 cially since in the vast majority of instances no relics of this char- 

 acter have been preserved. 



WEAVING TOOLS. 



No weaving tools or devices have been recovered from the caves 

 explored, which leaves the method of weaving to conjecture; but 

 there is no reason to believe that the art 

 was other than in a primitive stage as to 

 tools and mechanical aids, thus depending 

 entirely on skill of hands, as in the simple 

 weaving apparatus of the Chilkat Indians 

 of Canada. The heddle, which admits of 

 throwing a shed and simplifies and expe- 

 dites weaving, seems to have been unlaiown 

 in North America prior to its introduction 

 among the Pueblos through the Spaniards, 

 but was known in Mexico and in the cul- 

 tured countries of Central and South 

 America. The Navaho received their hed- 

 dle from the Pueblos, and to this day do 

 not make full use of it, but raise groups 

 of warp threads by means of the sword- 

 batten, and never on any occasion throw 

 the shuttle the whole breadth of the warp, 

 even when stripes are being woven. The 

 complete heddle lifts are known only to 

 the Pueblo Indians. 



Spindle whorls, consisting of a flat disk worked from thin layers 

 of stone or from fragments of baked pottery, are the type found in 

 the northern part of the Pueblo region, and the ancient whorls differ 

 in no respect from the modern Pueblo specimens 

 except that the latter are made of hardwood and 

 horn, and only occasionally does one of stone occur. 

 In the portion of the Pueblo region nearest Mexico 

 are found lenticular whorls of pottery deeper below 

 a median horizontal line, like the body of a top, and 

 nearest in form to the ancient whorls of Mexico. 



One of these lentif orm whorls was found in the cavate lodges near 

 Camp Verde, Arizona, by Victor Mindeletf. It is of coarse brown 

 ware, but the upper surface is somewhat smoothed. The hole for the 

 spindle is ^ inch in diameter. The whorl measures 1^ inches in 

 diameter and f inch thick. (Fig. 151.) 



Fig. 150. — Method of wearing 

 cord jacket, belt, and loin 



CORDS FROM TULAROSA CAVB. 



Fig. 151. — Spindle 



WHORL FROM CaMP 



Verde. 



