92 



BULLETIN 87, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



were attached. (Figs. 182*-186.) Somewhat frequentlj^, also, cere- 

 monial cigarettes were tied to these twigs. (Figs. 187, 191.) Earely 

 they bear bundles of corn husks containing food (figs. 189, 190) or 

 an encircling ring of stone beads (fig. 188). Not often the offerings 

 were placed on dressed twigs (fig. 194) and in a few cases the orna- 

 ments were applied to lengths of cane, as in figure 195. The mean- 

 ing of these offerings can scarcely be surmised at present. 

 There appears to be no relation between these twigs and 

 those upon which the nakwaswoshi are strung 

 during the Soyaluna ceremony of the Hopi, 

 or the several wands to which feathers are at- 

 tached and which are the fetishes of the Sword 

 Swallowing Society of Zuni.^ They are prob- 

 ably a form of paho of some Indian frater- 

 nity whose rites have passed out of existence. 



182. 



183. 184. 185. 



Figs. 182-1S6. — Twig pahos from Bear Creek Cave. 



186. 



STUB PAHOS. 



A large number of pahos somewhat of the type familiar among the 

 present Pueblos is found in most of the caves of this region. They 

 consist of short sections rudely cut from saplings and sharpened at 

 one end. Usually the bark was left on these pahos. Ceremonial 

 cigarettes are attached to them. (PL 18, figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.) 



1 See 23d Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnology, plate 112. 



