ANCIENT PUEBLOS OF UPPER GILA REGION. 



101 



207.) Near the ends of the bow is attached to the bow cord a cere- 

 monial cigarette, each cigarette with its brown, loose-twisted cotton 

 cord bandage which retains the quills of feathers. The bundle of 

 tiny arrows which was attached to the bow at the time of its offering 

 has become detached. (Cat. No. 23103, U.S.N.M. ; length, 17 inches.) 



Several survivals occurring among the Pueblos are described as 

 follows : 



Miniature bow made from a twig painted red on 

 the belly and sinew string and to the latter is at- 

 tached a feather arrow. (Fig. 208, a and h.) This 

 object was deposited as an offering below the water 

 on the edge of the salt lake, 40 miles southwest of 

 Zufii. This lake, which occupies the crater of an 

 ancient volcano is much reverenced by the Zuiii, who 

 journey thence yearly to procure salt. (Cat. No. 

 129066, U.S.N.M., collected by Mrs. M. C. Steven- 

 son; length, 1 inches.) 



Small bow painted red and green and having tied 

 to it two arrows, also painted with these colors. 

 (Fig. 209.) This object is an offering customarily 

 presented by the sacred dancers {Koh-ho) to little 

 boys. Other specimens had baskets attached. Among 

 the Zuiii, Hopi, and a number of other Pueblos, 

 painted objects quite similar to those which are 

 found in caves are used in ceremonies, no doubt per- 

 petuating the same ideas from the ancient times. 

 (Cat. No. 234285, U.S.N.M., Zuni, New Mexico; 

 collected by M. C. Stevenson; length, 15 inches.) 



Small, neatly made bow with sinew string, be- 

 longing to the Apithlashiwani or Priesthood of 

 the Bow. To the back of the bow is attached a 

 ring of corn husk representing a shield, and to this li 



ring is attached another miniature bow over which 

 radiate four arrows of corn husk (fig. 210), the 

 tying material being yucca leaf strips. (Cat. No. 

 58619, U.S.N.M., Zuni Indians, New Mexico.) 



BIRDS IN RELIGIOUS OBSERVANCES. FlG. 209. — CEREMO- 



NIAL BOW PROM 



The earliest information on the native tribes of zusi. 

 the southwestern United States and Mexico shows the great impor- 

 tance of birds in cult, and nowhere else has there been a development 

 which compares with it in extent and complexity. The bird form is 

 represented in the round in wood, clay, and stone, or as a preponder- 

 ynt design in surface decoration, and sometimes the whole body is 

 used in ceremony, but these features are insignificant compared with 

 the employment of the plumage. 



The taking of birds for the feathers, assiduously carried on by these 

 Indians, became in parts of the region an industry, as in Mexico, where 



