AlSrCIENT PUEBLOS OF UPPER GILA REGION. 



107 



Fig. 222. — Ceremo- 



N I A Ij cigarette 



FKOM Bear Creek 

 Cave. 



and a cemetery near a ruin at the Cienaga on the Spur Ranch, Luna, 

 Xew Mexico, appears to have been set apart for this purpose. It 

 is located in front of the pueblo near the walls, and at intervals 

 hard burnt clay fireplaces with bosses set triangu- 

 larly were placed among the graves.^ Cremation 

 was not practiced in the region explored, but on 

 the Gila it was common. It was noticed in the 

 pit shrines of the Bear Creek Cave that many 

 of the offerings had been burnt and that offerings 

 in the form of bundles of painted rods, perhaps 

 torches, showed marks of fire. If it was the custom 

 of the ancient people of Blue River to bum offer- 

 ings, the custom has not, so far as known, been per- 

 petuated among the Pueblos. 



The offering of smoke in connection with the 

 placing of objects in shrines, however, is indicated. 

 Innumerable cigarettes of reed stuffed with herbs 

 were offered, in most cases showing no traces of fire but in several 

 places reed cigarettes burnt at the end were observed. The stone 



tubes or cloudblowers whose pur- 

 pose was for emitting a cloud of 

 smoke incense are rarely found in 

 the dry caves, but in the open-air 

 ruins, and the cigarette is perhaps 

 its substitute as an offering. 

 Firesticks themselves, invested 

 with a sacred character, were, 

 after being worn out, placed away carefully and were apparently 

 in some case offered in shrines. (See pi. 15.) 



CEREMONIAL CIGAHKTTES. 



These are sections of arrow 

 reed cut near the septum, and 

 they are among the most fre- 

 quent offerings that meet the 

 eye in the ceremonial caves. 

 They are filled tightly with frag- 

 ments of aromatic herbs, such 

 as artemisia, and other plants pios. 

 not determined. "\Mien perfect, 

 these cigarettes have wrappings of cotton, simple wrappings, as 

 in figures 222 to 224, or complicated and of several different colors 



1 Antiquities of the Upper Gila and Salt River Valleys, Bulletin 35, Bur. Amer. 

 Ethnology. Washington, 1907, flg. 28, p. 64. 



22.'^. 224. 



Figs. 223, 224. — Ceremonial cigarettes 

 FROM Bear Creek Cave. 



225. 226. 



225, 226. — Ceremonial cigaeetths 

 from Bear Creek Cave. 



