INVISIBLE 



RUBBER WEATHER STRIPS, 



FOR DOORS AND WINDO^VS. 



- not inlcrrcrv wilh the ftwc 

 1 fif cither 



DOOR OR WINDOW, 



t-rroi-tiiHlU ■■x.-lu.loK .ill Si 



n. Wind ami I)iii>t. 

 1 .t..p« id! mttk ..f tbo Witnlow* 

 i< uK-iiB ihu uoinc fW>in th« atrpcl. 

 r iiui bcftpplicH lo miy Dutir or 

 "low witliuut injury, m mi mtiU 



rlhc INVl.-fm.i: 



CANNOT WARP OR 8PUT. 



Warmed with oDO-half the FaeL 



Tl.ov- STUn>S arv now m um- iu 

 mni.> uf U.V )>c«t Piibtic ItuiltliiigB 

 in ilie rduntry, aticli M iho . 

 ^■V**lor lIo\i**e, 



U. H. CiiMtom Houtw, 

 U. B. KxprofwOmro, 



U)<1 hiui(lrv4)» of llio fincrt |>ri\-ft1« 

 rcfli'lciic^ ill ttw cily ■ml rouiilry. 

 and ttt« univpnml rx^iiVMion it (h«y 



•r,Tooco tulmviiig .41. y ^r Uic M.niT'1. 



«ouM rather p«y tw< 

 ing Strip* M » gift 



State and County Hights for Sale, 



PRATT & GREEN, 



208 BKOASWAY. Boom No. 7. 



Figure 62. — ^About 1865: The progress of an idea 

 from an 18th-century encyclopedia through an 

 American patentee to commercial reality can be 

 seen in this flier advertising Whitker's saw-rabbet. 

 (Smithsonian Institution Library. Smithsonian 

 photo 56629.) 



since the Middle Ages. At the Centennial, however, 

 only a few examples of the old-type plane were ex- 

 hibited. A new shape dominated the cases. Desig- 

 nated by foreign observers as the American plane, it 

 received extended comment. Here was a tool 



constructed with a skeleton iron body, having a curved 

 wooden handle; the plane iron is of the finest cast-steel; 

 the cover is fitted with an ingenious trigger at the top, 

 which, with a screw below the iron, admits of the plane 

 iron being removed for sharpening and setting without 

 the aid of the hammer, and with the greatest ease. 

 The extensive varieties of plane iron in use are fitted for 

 every requirement; a very ingenious arrangement is 

 applied to the tools for planing the insides of circles or 

 other curved works, such as stair-rails, etc. The sole 



of the plane is formed of a plate of tempered steel about 

 the thickness of a handsaw, according to the length re- 

 quired, and this plate is adapted to the curve, and is 

 securely fixed at each end. With this tool the work is 

 not only done better but in less time than formerly. 

 In some exhibits the face of the plane was made of beech 

 or of other hard wood, secured by screws to the stock, 

 and the tool becomes a hybrid, all other parts remaining 

 the same as in the iron plane.-" 



The popularity of Bailey's patented planes (fig. 65), 

 the type so praised above, was by no means transitory. 

 In 1884 the Boston firm of Goodnow & VVightman, 

 "Importers, Manufacturers and Dealers in Tools of 

 all kinds," illustrated the several planes just described 

 ajid assured prospective buyers that 



These tools meet with universal approbation from the 

 best Mechanics. For beauty of style and finish they 

 are unequalled, and the great convenience in operating 

 renders them the cheapest Planes in use; they are SELF- 

 ADJUSTING in every respect; and each part being 

 made INTERCH.\NGE.\BLE, can be replaced at a 

 trifling expense. 2' 



By 1900 an advertisement for Bailey's planes pub- 

 lished in the catalogue of another Boston firm, 

 Chandler and Farquhar, indicated that "over 

 900,000" had already been sold.-- 



Other mass-produced edge tools — axes, adzes, 

 braces and bits, augers, saws, and chisels — illustrated 

 in the trade literature of the toolmakers became, as 

 had the iron-bodied bench plane, standard forms. 

 In the last quarter of the 19th century the tool cata- 

 logue replaced Moxon, Duhamel, Diderot, and the 

 builders' manuals as the primary source for the study 

 and identification of hand tools. The Centennial 

 had called attention to the superiority of certain 

 .American tools and toolmakers. The result was that 

 until the end of the century, trade literature faith- 

 fully drummed the products that had proven such 

 "an attraction to the numerous artisans who visited 

 the Centennial Exhibition from the United States 

 and other countries."-^ 



Collins and Company of New York City had been 

 given commendation for the excellence of their axes; 

 through the end of the century, Collins' brand felling 



=0 Ibid. 



= 1 Tools (Boston, 1884), p. 54 [in the Smithsonian Institu- 

 tion Library]. 



■- Tools and Supplies (June 1900), no. 85 [in the Smithsonian 

 Institution Library] . 



23 Walker, op. cit. (footnote 19), p. 14. 



PAPER 51: WOODWORKING TOOLSj 1600-19 00 



221 



