5*^"^' ' 



'A - 





Figure 42. — Fossil-embedded black sedimentary stone, used 

 for hearths and fireplace surrounds in the mansion. 



openings, with arched facings of nibbed brick both 

 inside and outside the arcade. Thus, for the brick- 

 layer, each actual arch would ha\e recjuired two 

 arches of brick. The intrados, or luidersurfaces, of 

 the arches were probably red sandstone, like the frag- 

 uientary arch fovuid in the site; the basic element of 

 the anJ! was then faced on each side with bricks also 

 arranged in an arch formation. The arcade at 

 Hanover courthouse seems to have been built in a 

 .somewhat similar fashion, except that there the brick 

 facing appears on the exterior of the arch only. The 

 "900 Coins and Returns" probably are gauged bricks, 

 that is, bricks ground smooth on a grindstone to 

 pro\ide a different texture and richer red color to 

 contrast with the ordinary wall brick. They were 

 widely used in Virginia mansions of the 18th century 

 for corner and arch decoration. At Marlborough over 

 ()00 rubbed bricks would ha\e been required to trim 

 'lie piers of 1 1 arches, while the remainder may have 



Illustration 3. — Iron tic bar used to 

 secure dressed red-sandslonc slabs to 

 each other. One-fourth. (U.SNM 

 59.1833.) 



