Jan /ranctjeo Siotv Jc/ioon^r 

 BOBBIE HUNTBn . SS Tt/^s. 



St"/* a/ fan Fraae'JiO J07O 



3fanj ^3 J 



Oraf/ /oae^ec/ •*' o' 



eea/T> ^3.7' 



S45^ nf/ Aw/ 



Lines of San Francisco 2-Masted Scow Schooner Robbie Hunter, built in 1870. As taken off by the Historic 

 American Merchant Marine Survey^ 



raffee, a triangular topsail with its apex at the top- 

 mast head. 



In the late 19th century a number of variations in 

 sail form took place in some localities; on the Pacific 

 Coast many schooners had the mainsail of triangular 

 form with a long, triangular topsail set above and 

 abaft this, with its sheet made up to the end of the 

 main boom. This rig was also used on the spanker in 

 barkentines and brigantines built on the West Coast. 



Auxiliary steam schooners were built on the Pacific 

 Coast and on the Great Lakes. On the Lakes these 

 were actually steam barges with a rather large sail plan 

 and had a 3- or 4-masted schooner rig without a 

 bowsprit. On the Pacific Coast the "steam schooner" 

 was employed in the coastal lumber trade and even- 

 tually this name was so well established that it became 

 the type-name of the lumber vessels there, even after 

 they became steamers without a sailing rig. 



The relation of Canadian builders to American 

 builders requires mention, for there are a few Cana- 

 dian half-models in the Watercraft Collection. From 

 Colonial times, after Canada ceased to be a French 

 colony, the relationship between shipbuilders of Can- 

 ada and of the United States was very close, particu- 



larly between those of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 

 wick builders and those of Maine, New Hampshire 

 and Massachusetts. There were also very close rela- 

 tions between builders on both sides of the Great 

 Lakes. The shipyards and boatshops of New England 

 employed many Canadian-born carpenters, who 

 worked on both sides of the border, as employment 

 demanded. As a result the vessels built in New Eng- 

 land and in the Canadian Maritime Provinces were 

 quite similar in hull design, construction, and rig. 

 In the 1840's and 1850's many fine vessels were built 

 in eastern Canada, including the very fast Marco Polo 

 and a number of medium clippers. The New 

 Brunswick builders along the Gulf of St. Lawrence 

 built fine ships, barks, brigantines, and some steamers 

 in the period between 1850 and 1885. The fishing 

 schooners built in Nova Scotia after about 1865 were 

 on the same model as those built in Massachusetts. 

 Small craft in eastern Canada were generally of a dis- 

 tinctive model and the boatbuilders of Nova Scotia, 

 in particular, have had a reputation for skill. 



It is worthy of mention that many shipbuilders who 

 became famous in the United States were Canadian 



46 



