The half-model has a rather straight sheer, straight 

 keel with little or no drag, stem rabbet curved and 

 with little rake, nearly upright post, round tuck, 

 upper-and-lower-transom square stern, a rather short 

 and full entrance, a fairly long and easy run, quite a 

 long body with a broad stern, and a full, round rail 

 line at the bow with much flare in the bow sections. 

 The midsection is formed with a slightly rising straight 

 floor, a rather easy round bilge, and a slight timible- 

 home in the topside. 



Mounted, with a short, heavy head, cutwater, 

 keel, post, and rudder, and the mouldings shown as 

 in the original \essel. Painted, with painted ports, 

 naval fashion. 



The model scales 131 feet 8 inches moulded length 

 at rail, 26 feet 8 inches moulded beam, and 15 feet 

 moulded depth. Scale is "3 inch to the foot. 



Given by Captain Charles M. Bayley. 



MERCHANT BARK, 1845 

 Builder's Half-Model, usnm 76049 



Edtvard Koppisch 



The bark-rigged merchant vessel Edward Koppisch of 

 Newburyport, Massachusetts, was built on this model 

 at that port in 1845 for the West Indian trade. She 

 was employed on the New England-Puerto Rico run, 

 carrying lumber out and sugar and molasses home. 

 About 12 years after her launching she was sold to 

 Salem, Massachusetts, owners, and was employed in 

 the African trade out of that port. 



The half-model is of a bark-rigged vessel having a 

 rather straight sheer, straight keel with little or no 

 drag, curved and moderately raking stem rabbet, 

 somewhat raking post, round tuck, upper-and-lower- 

 transom square stern, entrance full and short, run 

 moderate in length and slightly full, long body with 

 wide stern, and an almost round rail at bow with 

 much flare in the forward sections. The midsection 

 has a slightly rising straight floor, easy round bilge, 

 and a slight tumble-home in the topside. 



Mounted with short, heavy head, cut^vater, keel, 

 post, rudder, and gilded mouldings. Hull painted, 

 with black topsides and with painted ports, naval 

 fashion. A monkey rail, or false hammock rail, is 

 shown; this became fashionable in American merchant 

 ships after the War of 1812 and continued in general 

 use to the end of the clipper-ship period, .\merican 

 sailing ships in the West Indian trade in the period 

 between 1825 and 1855, were usually copper-sheathed. 



Model is for a vessel 125 feet moulded length at 



rail, 23 feet 4 inches moulded beam, 13 feet 4 inches 

 moulded depth, and about 250 tons register, old 

 measurement. Scale of the model is %d inch to the 

 foot. 

 Given by Captain Charles M. Bayley. 



MERCHANT BARK, 1846 

 Builder's Half-Model, usnm 76071 



Saone 



The bark-rigged merchant vessel Saone was built on 

 this model at Bath, Maine, in 1 846 for owners in that 

 port; she was intended for general ocean carrying out 

 of New England, trading to Europe, the West Indies, 

 and South America. 



This half-model is of an extreme kettle-bottom 

 vessel, a design developed to escape full payment of 

 tonnage dues without any loss in carrying capacity, 

 and following a basic principle of design, used in the 

 much later turret steamers, of wide bottom and narrow 

 upper deck. Depth, under the American tonnage law 

 in force when the Saone was modeled, was an estimate 

 of depth in hold as a proportion of the mea.sured beam 

 at deck, rather than a measurement of actual hold 

 depth as in later years. Hence real depth was a tax 

 free measurement to a great extent. As a result the 

 hulls were formed with a deep midsection, having a 

 wide, almost flat bottom, a firm round bilge, very 

 marked tumble-home, and concave topside that under 

 the tonnage law gave a very great cargo capacity but 

 small register tonnage. The form resembling the pro- 

 file of an old iron kettle, hence the name. There were 

 disadvantages. For her maiden voyage the Saone was 

 loaded with lumber but with insufficient ballast; when 

 she filled away from the wharf, she fell over on her 

 side with her lower yardarms in the water. She then 

 had to be unloaded to right her, and ballast added. 



These kettle-bottom ships were deep in proportion 

 to beam and length; to the discomfort of their crews, 

 even when properly ballasted they sailed with a sharp 

 angle of heel, and were slow as well. 



The body plan of the Saone is shown in Hall's Report 

 on Shipbuilding. 



The half-model shows a very bm-densome vessel 

 having very straight sheer, a straight keel with no drag, 

 nearly upright stem rabbet and post, round tuck, up- 

 per-and-lower-transom square stern, excessively long 

 body and wide stern, almost round rail at bow, and a 

 very short and full entrance and run. 



The Sonne registered 292 tons, old measurement, 116 

 feet 10 inches moulded length at rail, 21 feet 9 inches 



472S46— 60- 



61 



