a strong halyard, the heel secured by a tack tackle 

 setting up on the face of the stem and with fall leading 

 inboard. Abaft the mast is a small square hatch 

 and well abaft amidships is a companion hatch; 

 here the deck is lowered to form a shallow cockpit. 

 The boat steered with a tiller, now missing in the 

 model. The loose-footed sail is brailcd to reef. 

 Sweep locks, fitted amidships to permit rowing in a 

 calm, are omitted in the model. The raised portion 

 of the deck had a low log rail, or chock rail, carried 

 to the transom, where there was an iron mainsheet 

 horse. 



The scale of the model is uncertain, probably % 

 inch to the foot, and the boat was therefore about 26 

 feet long, 10 feet 9 inches beam, and about 4 feet. 



Given by Captain Edward H. Adams, Adams' 

 Point, New Hampshire. 



PISCATAQUA RIVER GUNDALOW, 1886 

 Rigged Model, usnm 31H48 



Fanny M. 



This model represents the Piscataqua River gunda- 

 low Fanny M. built at Adams Point, New Hampshire, 

 in 1886 by Edward H. Adams for his own accovmt. 



The buildcr-owncr desired an improved vessel and 

 made this model to carry out sailing tests. When 

 tests showed the model would sail fast, the model's 

 lines were taken off and used to build the full-sized 

 gundalow. 



The history of the development of the gundalow is 

 not fully known. It is believed that this type devel- 

 oped from ordinary river scows in colonial times and 

 that the rig was a gradual evolution from a Icg-of- 

 mutton to allow the mast and sail to be quickly and 

 easily lowered to pass under low bridges. This form 

 of gundalow (the name was applied to many forms of 

 flat-bottomed craft in America in the 18th and early 

 19th centuries) was a river freighter having a charac- 

 teristic sail plan and a single leeboard. The early 

 gundalows were open boats and some were no more 

 than ordinary square-ended scows having the single 

 leeboard and peculiar rig shown in this model. Later 

 many gundalows had large single hatches and were 

 partly decked. The last built, and the largest gunda- 

 lows like the Fanny M., were decked and had only a 

 small entry hatch to the hold, being deck-loading. 

 These sailing gundalows carried coal and freight from 

 Portsmouth upriver to Dover and into Great Bay, 



Lines and Arrangement of Piscataqua RrvER Gundalow Fanny M. built at Adams Point, New Hampshire, 

 in 1 886. Drawn from builder's model, and under supervision of the builder, by the Historic American Mer- 

 chant Marine Survey. (HAMMS 2-171-A.) 



103 



