long head, upright post, round stern, and a flush deck. 

 The midsection is formed with a slightly rising straight 

 floor, low and rather hard bilge, and a slight tumble- 

 home in the topside. The rig is the usual one of such 

 a schooner, a single large jib, fore and main sails, and 

 main-topmast staysail. 



Scale of the model is % inch to the foot. Custom- 

 house measurements of the ves.sel were: length between 

 perpendiculars 41.3 feet, beam 14.3 feet, depth 3.5 

 feet, and 12.86 net tons. The sponging schooners 

 ranged from about 36 to about 50 feet. 



Given bv U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 



FISHING SCHOONER, 1884 

 Builder's Half-Model, usnm 76034 



Koulette 



The fishing schooner Roulette was built on specula- 

 tion, in 1884, from this model at East Boston, Massa- 

 chusetts, by Dennison J. Lawlor. The Roulette was 

 the first schooner built for the New England fisheries 

 as an improvement on the old, shoal, wide clipper 

 fishermen of this date. She expres.sed the ideas of a 

 seaworthy, swift schooner that Lawlor had developed 

 much earlier in small market-boat fishermen and in 

 pilot-boat schooners. It is believed that the Roulette 

 was built as a result of the agitation for deeper and 

 safer vessel initiated by Captain Joseph VV. Collins, 

 in which he had the support of Lawlor and others. 

 After her launching, a lawsuit aro.se and the builder 

 lost the vessel to a Philadelphia man, who employed 

 her in the New England fisheries, where she attracted 

 much attention because of her speed, weatherliness, 

 and seaworthiness. 



The half-model shows a .schooner having great 

 sheer, a very long, lean entrance with some hollow 

 just abaft the stem, the greatest beam brought well 

 aft, and the run moderate in length but \'ery fine, 

 with almost constant rise of floor throughout. The 

 stern is a short, deep counter ending in a very sharply 

 raked elliptical transom curved athwartships. The 

 stem is much cut away at the forefoot and the rabbet 

 above is plumb, as in pilot schooners of the time, but 

 the Roulette had a long and pointed head. The keel 

 is straight for much of its length, but rounding into 

 the forefoot, beginning a little abaft the foremast. 

 The midsection shows a sharply rising and somewhat 

 hollow floor, with the hollow carried right forward as 

 well as aft. The bilge is very quick and hard, and 

 there is some tumble-home above. The post is up- 

 right. When built, this schooner had a bowsprit 



and jib boom, but soon afterwards was fitted with a 

 spike bowsprit. 



Scale of the model is '/^' inch to the foot. The 

 Roulette was 93 feet 2 inches over the rail, 83 feet 7 

 inches between perpendiculars, 23 feet 4 inches 

 moulded beam, 9 feet 9 inches depth in hold, and 

 drew 1 1 feet at post. Because of the rocker forward 

 she drew relatively little forward, though the drag 

 to her straight keel was very moderate. 



The improvements incorporated in the Roulette were 

 chiefly her greater depth — she was about 24 inches 

 deeper than any fishing schooner of her length at 

 the time she was built — and the narrowing of the 

 stern to ease the quarters. As a result of her depth 

 she carried more ballast lower than was formerly 

 possible, her beam and powerful bilges made her 

 as stiff under canvas as any of her contemporaries, 

 and her fine lines made her very fast on all points of 

 sailing. The success of this vessel led owners to 

 accept the deeper, narrower, and more heavily bal- 

 lasted schooners recommended by Captain Collins 

 and others. 



Given by Dennison J. Lawlor, naval architect and 

 shipbuilder, Chelsea, Massachusetts. 



FISHERIES RESEARCH SCHOONER, 1886 

 Rigged Moc^ l, usnm 298232 



Grampus 



The Grampus was a well-smack .schooner designed by 

 Captain Joseph VV. Collins of the LL S. Fish Commis- 

 sion and built at Noank, Connecticut, in 1886. She 

 was designed to illustrate Captain Collin's ideas of 

 what a safe and fast fishing schooner ought to be, and 

 was fitted to serve as a fisheries research vessel, having 

 a suitable laboratory and apparatus aboard. 



Publicized at the time of her launching as a de- 

 parture from existing types of fishing schooners, she 

 strongly resembled in model some of the fishing 

 schooners designed in 1884-85 by Dennison J. 

 Lawlor of Chelsea and East Boston, Massachusetts; 

 indeed, it is said that Lawlor aided Collins in design- 

 ing the Grampus. 



This schooner was between 18 and 24 inches deeper 

 in the hold than the average fishing schooner of her 

 size and date, as well as some 6 to 10 inches less in 

 beam, and the stern is much narrower. She had the 

 straight, upright stem of a pilot-boat schooner of her 

 date: this stem had been introduced into the New Eng- 

 land fishing fleet by D. J. Lawlor through his designs 

 for the schooners John H. McManus and Arthur D. 

 Story, built in 1885, and the smaller A. S. & R. Ham- 



224 



