covered with hatch boards when making a passage. 

 The standing room aft was often fitted with side seats 

 or thwarts. Though the model does not ha\'e them, 

 these lioats usually had low monkey rails of plank-on- 

 edge from the stern forward to a point abreast the 

 mast. One characteristic of these i)oats was a hawse 

 chock, often with an outward curve, bolted to the 

 outside of the log rail forward and to one side of the 

 stemhead; the model-builder has not shown this but 

 has shown in its place, farther aft, a cathead ne\er 

 used on this craft. 



The rig is that of a cutter with reefing bowsprit, 

 carrying a gaff-mainsail laced to the boom, forestay- 

 sail and a jib set flying on an iron traveler on the 

 bowsprit. No topsails were commonly fitted nor were 

 topmasts employed. The bowsprit in the model is to 

 port of the stemhead, which stands high above rail. 



The model shows very well the hull characteristics 

 of an ideal boat of the type, having strong sheer, a 

 straight keel with mtich drag, straight and rather up- 

 right stern with almost angular forefoot, raking post 

 with rudder hung outboard, transom flat and heart- 

 shaped, sharp entrance, long and fine run, and mid- 

 section with rising straight floor, high and rather hard 

 bilge, tumble-home topsides. In the model the 

 tuml)le-home is perhaps less marked than in some of 

 the actual boats, though wall-sided boats may be seen 

 in old photographs of the Boston Irish boats at T- 

 Wharf (in the VVatercraft Collection). The boats 

 steered with a short, heavy tiller. 



Scale of model is 1 inch to the foot. The boat shown 

 would have been 36 feet at gunwale, 29 feet on the 

 keel rabbet, 9 feet 3 inches beam, drawing 5 feet 8 

 inches at post and 2 feet 9 inches forward, mast 34 

 feet 9 inches above deck, bowsprit 10 feet 6 inches 

 outside the stem, main boom 32 feet 6 inches, and 

 main gaff 21 feet 3 inches. 



Given by Captain J. \V. Collins. 



WHALEBOAT, 1883 

 Rigged Model, usnm 57199 



This is a miniature of a ftilly equipped New Bedford 

 whaleboat of the old 30-foot length class employed 

 in the Arctic whaling, 1860-85. These boats, built at 

 New Bedford, Massachusetts, were batten-seam 

 caravel-planked hulls having very light and strong 

 construction. The topsides were usually lapstrake. 

 The length varied from 28 to 30 feet at gunwale. 

 They were noted for their good qualities under oars 

 and sail and in all conditions. 



The model shows a double-ended, open, caravel- 

 planked, centerboard, rowing-and-sailing i:)oat having 

 a straight keel, raking and curved stem and stern 

 posts, strong sheer, sharp entrance and sharper rim, 

 rising floor, round and easy bilge, and flaring topside. 

 The boat has five thwarts, one mast, and a boomed 

 gaff-sail and a jib tacked to the stem. A timberhead 

 or "loggerhead" was placed aft near the stern to 

 belay the harpoon line. 



Scale of model is 2 inches to the foot; the boat was 

 30 feet at gunwale, 6 feet 6 inches beam, and 2 feet 

 3 inches depth amidships keel to gunwale. The 

 mast was 24 feet 4]^ inches in total length, main 

 boom 19 feet 6 inches, gaflF 13 feet 3 inches, oars 18 

 feet, and steering sweep 21 feet. These boats carried 

 a large spread of sail, as they could use the weight of 

 their crew when under sail to keep the boat on its feet. 



Given by U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 



BLOCK ISLAND BOAT, 1875 

 Rigged Model, usnm 25825 



The old Block Island boats, known as "cowhorns," 

 were noted for their seaworthiness. Originally built 

 to be launched from beaches, they were small craft 

 from about 18 to 26 feet long but, from the middle of 

 the 19th century on, larger boats, up to about 40 feet 

 gunwale length, were built, as these could work out of 

 the partial harbors built at various times prior to com- 

 pletion of the "Government harbor" in 1873. Tradi- 

 tion claims that only one of these boats was lost, but 

 the Customhouse records show that two were lost or 

 wrecked: the Vanderbilt was lost in November 1871, 

 and the mail boat Thomas J. Lynch was wrecked in 

 1889 on Peaked Rock off Point Judith. Considering 

 the nimibcr of these boats and the exposed waters in 

 which they worked, this record is an excellent one. 



The rig of these boats was 2-masted, with the fore- 

 mast stepped in the eyes of the boat; the masts were 

 usually of nearly equal height and with some rake. 

 The sails had short gaflTs with single halyards; the 

 foresail was Ijoomless and overlapped the mainsail; the 

 latter had a boom but the foot of the sail was not 

 laced. The boats were fitted to row. 



The model represents a typical Block Island boat of 

 the small class in 1875; it illustrates a lapstrake, 

 doui)le-ended, open keel boat having a straight keel 

 with marked drag, raking straight sternpost with rud- 

 der hung outboard, raking and slightly cur\ed stem 

 with prominent stemhead, strong sheer, upright wash- 

 boards along the gunwales for about two-thirds the 

 boat's length, and fitted with thwarts and stern sheets. 



262 



