//a\^ry Bar^ Canoe 

 fa// /S'9\ oyfr ^antva/^i /3'^ 



^i fa /horn /^J^ortJrin Typr A//joia/can 

 Sark Canaf 



/rn^/f> ofrra// /6'J oyer gumva/ri US 

 Sram 39 if ' /nj/a/r (^c//»ya/rr J8^ " 



Plank-Stem Canoes of Hybrid Forms, 3-Fathom Slavey (top) and 2':;-fatliom 

 Algonkin-type Athabascan, probably the results of the influence of fur-trade 

 canoe-building. 



groups generally triangular in shape, with a spiral 

 turn between groups. 



The canoes of the Dogrib were practically identical 

 with those of the Chipewyan except that the end pro- 

 files were usually slightly deeper fore-and-aft; also 

 the Dogrib canoes were perhaps more often of birch 

 l)ark, judging from the remaining canoes and models. 

 The form of the ends in the Dogrib canoes was such 

 that they often appeared higher than they really were, 

 as the stein-heads stood some distance ai:)0\c the ends 

 of the sheer, an effect which was heightened by the 

 small fore-and-aft depth of the stem-heads. 



The large canoes of the Slave had the same hull 

 characteristics as the others but differed in end pro- 

 files and did not have rail caps. In the Slave canoe, 

 the ends were formed of thin plank and in profile were 

 almost upright and slightly curved. The stem line 

 came out from the bottom in a sharp, almost angular 

 curve and ascended with a slight sweep to a point 

 about level with the gunwale amidships (in some, to 



within a few inches of the stem-head); from there a 

 tumble-home carried it to the stem-head, which was 

 short fore-and-aft and slightly crowned, the inboard 

 end dropping vertically downward inside the gun- 

 wales. The headboards were under the gunwale 

 ends. Inwales and outwales were both carried to 

 the stems but the end lashings were quite short. 

 There were no rail caps. The bark cover was lashed 

 to the stem with an in-and-out stitch from side to side 

 through holes in the plank. The sheer was brought 

 up nearly to the top of the stem in a rather long, easy 

 sweep beginning inboard at the endmost thwart. 

 The gunwale members in all these Athabascan 

 canoes were quite light compared with their Eastern 

 counterparts. A reinforcing strip of bark was placed 

 under the outwales so as to hang down below them 

 some four inches or so amidships and less toward the 

 ends; this was sometimes decorated with a painted 

 zig-zag stripe or with widely spaced circles. The end 

 lashings of the gunwales were protected by short bark 



157 



