78 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Affinities. — Smitt has confused this species with Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 

 1869. He saw D'Orbigny's type in Paris. Manzoni and Norman have adopted the 

 same synonymy. For all these authors the essential character was the absence of 

 a complete calcareous pivot for the opercular valve, as in Cupularia umhellata 

 Defrance, 1823. In reality all the denticulata group possess this character and the 

 species are differentiated from each other not only in their zoarial form but also by* 

 the number and nature of their spinous processes and in the form of their hydro- 

 static tubercles. 



This species differs from Cupularia muUispinata, new species, in the presence of 

 three (and not five) spines, and in the conical form of the zoarium. It differs from 

 Cupularia denticulata Conrad, 1841, which has- the same number of spinous proc- 

 esses, in the more conical form of the zoarium, and in the presence of large hydro- 

 static tuberosities on the internal face. It differs from Cupularia reussiana Man- 

 zoni, 1869, in the more conical form of the zoarium and in its spinous processes 

 never joined together. 



Occurrence. — Sicilian of Rhodes (Manzoni) . Miocene (Duplin marl) : Wilming- 

 ton, North Carolina. 



Hahitat. — ^Mediterranean: Shores of Algeria (72 meters), Oran (81-103 meters). 

 Atlantic: Madeira (64-113 meters). Guff of Mexico: Florida (Smitt). 



CUPULARIA MULTISPINATA, new species. 



Description. — The zoarium is discoidal, thin, very convex, much less high than 

 wide. The zooecia are elongated, distinct, hexagonal; the mural rim is thin, little 

 salient; the cryptocyst is more or less developed laterally. The opesium is orna- 

 mented by at least five flat spinous processes nonsymmetrical, rather wide, finely 

 denticulated. Two symmetric salient condyles limit the apertura. A vestibular 

 arch is present. The vibracula are large and auriform. 



fig = 0.48 mm. 



Measurements. — ^Large zooecia 17 „ „r, 



"= 1 fe = 0.32 mm. 



Affinities. — This species bears the most numerous spinous processes and this 

 character is amply sufficient to differentiate it from Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, 

 1869; C. doma D'Orbigny, 1851; and from C. denticulata Conrad, 1841. The hydro- 

 static zooecia have their cryptocyst entirely calcified. 



Hahitat. — ^Mediterranean: Gulf of Oran (105 meters). 



CUPULARIA REUSSIANA Manzoni, 1869. 

 Plate 1, figs. 19-22. 



1869. Cupularia reussiana Manzoni, Bryozoi Pliocenici Italiani, Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen 



Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, vol. 59, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 19. 

 1895. Cupularia reiissiaim Neviani, Briozoi fossili della Farnesina e Monte Mario presso Roma, 



Palaeontographia Italica, vol. 1, p. 102 (sep. 26). 

 1895. Cupularia reussia7m Neviani, Briozoi neozoici di alcune locaUta d'ltalia, Bollettino della 



Societe Romana per gli Studi Zoologici, parte 1, vol. 4, p. 45 (sep. 7) ; parte 2, p. 243 (sep. 19); 



parte 5, vol. 7, p. 101 (sep. 4), p. 103 (sep. 6). 

 1900. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi neogenici delle Calabrie, Paleontologia italica, vol. 6, 



p. 169 (55) (regional bibliography). 



