NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 79 



1900. Cupularia reussiana Neviani, Briozoi Terziari della Toscana, BoUettino Society geologica 



italiana, vol. 19, p. 19 (sep.). 

 1913. Cupularia reussiana Canu, Contributions a I'Etude des Bryozoaires fossiles: IV. Pliocene 



d'Alger, Bulletin Soci^t^ G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 126. 

 1913. Cupularia haidingeri Canu, Bulletin Soci6t6 G6ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 13, p. 128. 



Historical— Manzom's figures of 1869 are exact, although the zoariuin is much 

 less conical and almost cupuhform. As the figure of the cellular face has served 

 for the determination by Seguenza, Canu, and Neviani we can hold as exact the 

 synonymy given, moreover partially verified by Canu. 



Variations.— Th& apertural arch is constant; it forms with the two wide, 

 lateral opesiular indentations a trifoliate opesium. The inferior spinous processes 

 are partially united and separated at their base by three large pores which are per- 

 haps secondary opesiules. This character is specific. The vestibular arch is very 

 large ; the internal face is covered with large tuberosities. 



Affinities.— AW the authors, on the authority of Smitt, have confused this 

 specdes Avith Cupularia doma D'Orbigny, 1851, the examination of the zoarial form 

 having been judged sufficient. It difl'ers much from it in its cupuliform zoarium 

 (and not very conical) and in the union of the spinous processes occasioning the 

 formation of three large frontal pores. 



This species differs from Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823, in the presence 

 of three frontal pores only, and in its opesiules not separated from the apertura and 

 reduced to the state of indentations. 



Geological distribution.— l^oxtom&n of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani); Zanclean of 

 Italy (Seguenza) ; Plaisancian of Italy (Neviani) ; Astian of France and Italy (Canu) ; 

 Sicilian of Italy (Waters, Seguenza) . 



This species has not yet been found in the Mediterranean dredgmgs carried out 

 by Canu. Waters did mention it at Naples. 



CUPULAKIA DENTICULATA Conrad, 1841. 



Plate 15, figs. 6-10. 



1841. Lunulites denticulata Conkad (in Hodge), Observations on the Secondary and Tertiary forma- 

 tions of the southern Atlantic States, American .Journal Science and Arts, ser. 1, vol.41, p. 348. 



1845. Lunulites denticulata Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary formations of North 

 America, Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, vol. 1, p. 503. 



1857. Lunulites denticulata Tuomey and Holmes, Pleiocene Fossils of South Carolina, p. 11, pi. 4, 

 figs. 1-5. 



1904. Cupularia denticulata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 414, 



pi. 112, fig. 6. 



., . fL2 = 0. 30-0. 40 mm. 



Measurements. — ^Large zooecia ^^ = 20-0 24 mm. 



Variations.— The hydrostatic zooecia are thin, calcified, probably deprived of 

 polypide, garnished with a complete cryptocyst; their apertura is small and serves 

 probably as passage for a more or less long bristle; they surmount the grain of sand 

 on wliich the larva is fixed. The internal face is flat or curved; the radiatmg ribs 

 are generally smooth, but small tuberosities are not rare. The two condyles are 

 not "always exactly symmetrical. The spinous processes are acuminate or flat, 



