NORTH AMERICAN LATER TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY BRYOZOA. 159 



1905. Microporella (Heckelia) violacea Neviani, Briozoi fossili di Camibare (Calabrie), BoUetino 



della Societa geologica italiana, vol. 23, p. 525. 

 1907. Uicroprella heckeli Calvet, Expedition scientifique du Travailleur et du Talisman, vol. 8, p. 



404 (bibliography). 

 1909. Adeona violacea Levinsen, Morphological and systematic studies on the cheilostomatous 



Bryozoa, p. 83, pi. 14, fig. 1. 

 1909. Reptadeonella violacea Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Journal 



Linnean Society of London, vol. 30, p. 296. 



1914. Adeona violacea Osburx, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Publication No. 182, 



Carnegie Institution of Washington, p. 199. 



1915. Microporella heckeli Babboso, Contribucion al conociementa de los Briozoos marines de 



I'Bspana.Boletin de la real sociedad espanola de Historia naturale, p. 415. 



1917. Adeona heckeli Barroso, Notas sobre Briozoos, Boletin de la real sociedad espanola de His- 

 toria naturale, p. 498. 



1919. Adeona heckeli Canu and Bassler, Geology and Paleontology of the West Indies, Bryozoa, 

 Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, no. 1, p. 95. 



This species is better known to zoologists under the name of Microporella viola- 

 cea Johnston, 1849. In 1874 Reuss abandoned his right of priority because of his 

 mediocre figure of 1847. Jelly, 1889, did not recognize his withdrawal of the name 

 and authors have employed one or the other name according to their personal 

 preference. On account of the size and position of the large frontal avicularium 

 there has been created a variety, plagiopora Busk, 1859. Osburn, 1914, has shown 

 that on the same specimen this avicularium may be straight or oblique and that, 

 it does not necessitate the establishment of a special variety. 



The American fossil specimens are very rare; they belong to the normal form 

 with straight avicidarium, long since described by Gabb and Horn under the name 

 of MuUiporina umbilicata. Of this species we have found only a single specimen 

 in the Bowden marl which is moderately well preserved. In the Duplin marl of the 

 Upper Miocene, however, it is more common but not so abundant as in the 

 European Miocene and Pliocene. 



Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) : Bowden, Jamaica (rare). Lower 

 Pliocene (Caloosahatchee formation) : Shell Creek, De Sota County, Florida (com- 

 mon). Upper Miocene (Duplin marl): Wilmington, North Carolina; Natural well, 

 2 miles southwest of Magnolia, Duplin Coimty, North Carolina; 3 miles southwest 

 of Petersburg, and near Powcan, King and Queen County, Virginia (common). 



Geological distrihnfion. — Stampian of Germany (Reuss) ; Aquitanian of Gironde 

 (Duvergier); Miocene of Australia (Waters); Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza), of 

 Touraine (Canu); Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss), of Italy (Seguenza, 

 Neviana), of England (Busk); Sicilian of Rhodes (Manzoni, Pergens), of Italy 

 (Seguenza, Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani). 



Habitat. — Mediterranean: Adriatic (32-89 meters), Naples (54 meters), Algeria, 

 Cette (40-97 meters), Bonifacio (89-92 meters), Balearic Islands, shores of Spain. 

 Atlantic: England, English Channel, Gulf of Gascony, Bay of Cadex (60-97 meters), 

 Cape Verde Islands (118-180 meters), Madeira, Florida (56-97 meters), Tortugas 

 (8-29 meters), Bermuda. Indian Ocean: Burmah. Pacific: Australia, China 

 Sea and Cape Tizard (43 meters) . 



This species does not extend beyond the fifty-second parallel in Europe and the 

 twenty-second in America. It is never abundant in any locality. 



Plesiotypes.— Cat. Nos. 68670-68673, U.S.N.M. , 



