204 BULLETIN 125, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



1907. Lichenopora hispida Calvet, Expeditions scientifiques du Travmlleur et du Talisvian, Bryo- 

 zoaires, p. 460 (complementarj- bibliography). 



1907. Lichenopora hispida Nordgaard, Bryozoen von dem norw egischen-Fischereidanipfer "Mich- 



ael Sars," Bergens Museum Aarbog, p. 17. 



1908. Lichenopora hisjnda Canu, Les Bryozoaires du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulletin societe 



geologique France, ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 388, pi. 7, fig. 18. 

 1912. Lichenopora hispida Guerin-Ganivet, Contributions a I'etude des Bryozoaires des cotes 

 armoricaines, III, Bryozoaires de la region de Concarneau et de I'Archipel de Glenan, 

 Travaux scientifiques du Laboratorie de Zoologie de Concarneau, vol. 4, p. 21. 



1912. Lichenopora hispida Barroso, Briozoos de la Estaceon de Zoologia maritima de Santander, 



Trabajos del Museo de ciencias naturales, no. 5, p. 59. 



1913. Lichenopora hispida Guerin-Ganivet, Brj'ozoaires de la mission arctique du "Jacques Car- 



tier," Societif^ d'oceanographie du Golfe de Gascogne, fasc. 7, p. 42. 

 1916. Lichenopora hvipida F. Canu, Br>-ozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-Outet de la France, 



Bulletin Soci^t^ gi^ologique de France, ser. 4, vol. 15, p. 333. 

 1918. Lichenopora hispida Nordgaard, Bryozoa from the Arctic regions, Tromso Museums Aarschef- 



ter, vol. 40 (1917), no. 1, p. 21. 



Variations. — This species appears to us as poorly defined. Generally authors 

 have classed under this nanae all specimens in which the fascicles do not reach 

 the zoarial margin, which is therefore garnished with tubes in quincunx. But 

 the ovicells on these various specimens are not exactly similar. The fossUs have 

 lost their visor, which renders their determination still more difficult and less 

 certain. 



All the fossil species of Lichenopora resemble each other, and our determination 

 is perhaps not good because in addition only the two figured specimens have been 

 found and we have been unable to make any useful sections. 



The ovicell does not bear cancelli in Fleming's species; and we have not observed 

 the oeciostome. 



Occurrence. — Pleistocene: Santa Barbara, California (rare). 



Geological distribution. — Aquitanian of France (Canu); Helvetian of Italy 

 (Seguenza), of France (Canu collection), Tortonian of Austria Hungary (Reuss) ; 

 Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of England (Busk), of Italy (Manzoni) ; 

 Astian of Italy (Seguenza) ; Sicilian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani) ; Quaternary of 

 Italy (Seguenza, Neviani). 



Hahitat. — Arctic Ocean: Greenland, Scandinavia (20-420 meters), White Sea, 

 Finmark. Eastern Atlantic: North Sea, England, English Channel (240-300 

 meters) , Gulf of Gascony. Western Atlantic: Canada. Mediterranean: At Cette 

 (15-90 meters). Corse (40-60 meters), Marseilles, Naples, Oran (75 meters). Pacific: 

 Australia, New Zealand, Queen Charlotte Islands. 



In the great depths of the Arctic regions (420 meters) the temperature observed, 

 according to Nordgaard, has been -f 5° C. 



Plesiotype.—Csit. No. 68752, U.S.N.M. 



LICHENOPORA RADIATA Savigny-Audouin. 1826. 



Plate 44, fig. 10. 



1826. Melobesia radiata Audouin, Explication sommaires de planches de polypes de Savigny 

 Description de I'EgJ'pte, vol. 1, p. 235, pi. 6, fig. 3. 



1889. Lichenopora radiata Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of marine ByTozoa, p. 137 (general bibliog- 

 raphy). 



