NOTKS — ORIGINAL AND SKLECTED. 141 



[It is very interesting to hear that L.corvdon still exists in the Forest. In 

 1859 it was observed somewhat commonly near Loughton and at Epping, and 

 since then several records have been published (see E. A. Fitch's " Butterflies of 

 Essex," in Essex Naturalist, vol. v., p. 104). One would exoect to meet with 

 the insect on the Chalky Boulder Clay on the N.W. slopes of the Forest, but 

 Fairmead is an unexpected locality. I believe that I once saw the butterfly near 

 Stanstead— W. COLE.] 



Hesperia lineola, Ochs. — Mr. Hawes, the original discoverer of this new 

 British butterfly, which was first recognised in specimens taken at Leigh, Essex 

 (see Essex Naturalist, iv., p. 191), has now been enabled to work out the life- 

 histor}' of the insect, and gives a detailed description of the larva and its 

 distinguishing characters as compared with that, of H. l/iaumas,\n the " Ento- 

 mologist " for August. The food-plant is the coarse grass, Triticum, growing on 

 the sea-walls near Leigh. Neither species pass the winter in the larval stage, as 

 has been erroneously stated. 



Local Names. — Here, in Mersea, the country people call the butterfly 

 known in most places as the "Red Admiral" (^Vanessa atalanta)^ "King 

 Georges." The Black Knap-weed (Centaurea nigra) is known as " Arrow- 

 head," and the red berries of Arum maculatum the children call "Snake's eggs," 

 because, they say, they are so poisonous. — B. G. CoLE, East Mersea. 



Past Industries of Colchester. — Major J. E. Bale writes : '• The 

 manufacture of linen was carried on in Colchester up to the seventh decade 

 of the last century, as Chapman's and Andre's map of Essex shows that the town 

 possessed several ' Tenter Fields,' all necessarily contiguous to water supplies, 

 r<>., several on the meadows to the north of the Castle, and down to the river, and 

 others near Mersea Road. Thereabouts existed open supplies of spring water, 

 now, for the most part, made tributary to the sewerage of the town. ' Tenter 

 P'ields ' were spaces whereon the woven flax fabrics were bleached and treated in 

 the open air during process of manufacture. Evidences are also found of the 

 existence of factory buildings in their neighbourhood. Hence, on the visit of 

 the Huguenot Society to Dedham a few weeks ago, the name ' Tenterfield ' still 

 existing there to designate the meadow from the river to the old mediaeval factory 

 buildings, elicited the circumstance that linen manufacture was cariied on there 

 previous to the occupation of the bay weavers, who re-adapted the building in 

 question, as shown by constructive features in the fabric. In Mr. Laver's paper, 

 read before the Society, casual allusion was made to the existence of ' fulling 

 mills ' in the rivers here. The map before-named, in Mr. Laver's possession, 

 shows most of the water mills were 'fulling' or 'corn and fulling mills.' Such 

 were East Mill and Middle Mill. This clearly explains the fact of 17,000 

 persons being employed in the bay-making industries, such being distributed 

 over a large surrounding area, under more healthful conditions than usual in 

 the factory systems of this day." 



