118 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 23 



and middle wing-coverts like scapulars. Greater wing-coverts, and 

 tertials light fuscous-brown, broadly edged externally with Sayal 

 Brown. Secondaries and primaries fuscous-brown, externally nar- 

 rowly edged with Sayal Brown, and internally edged with buffy 

 whitish. Sides of head pale Vinaceous-Buff. Lores blackish. 



Below: Chin, throat, breast, flanks, abdomen, thighs, and under 

 tail-coverts light buffy washed with Chestnut. Chestnut most pro- 

 nounced on the breast, flanlcs, and thighs. Under wing-coverts whitish 

 tinged with light buff. Bill dark brown. 



3. First winter plumage is acquired by a partial molt involving 

 feathers of the head, scapulai-s, and wing coverts. 



Above: Head Ochraceous-Tawny, broad black stripe on either side 

 from base of upper mandible to nape. Nape, back, and rump Tawny- 

 OUve. Interscapulars and scapulars black broadly edged with Ochra- 

 ceous-Tawny. Upper tail-coverts Fuscous, edged and tipped with 

 Olive-Tawny. Lesser, middle, and inner greater-coverts like scapulars. 

 Remiges and rectrices as in juvenal plumage, fuscous-brown, but with 

 tawny edges narrow from wear. Buffy-white inner edges of primaries 

 also narrower than in juvenal plumage. Sides of head pale buffy. 

 Black stripe present through eye from bill to nape; and line of black 

 spots on sides of head, varying considerably in different specimens. 



Below: Chin whitish. Throat, breast, abdomen, flanks, thighs, and 

 under tail-coverts as in juvenal plumage but whiter and with few black 

 spots on sides of breast and occasionally on thighs. Bill reddish brown. 



4. First nuptial plumage is acquired chiefly by wear and is similar 

 to first winter plumage, but the remiges and retrices are darker, and 

 the entu-e upper parts are more streaked blackish. The bill is red. 



5. Adult winter plumage is acquired by a complete postnuptial 

 molt. It is similar to the first nuptial plumage, but the upper parts 

 are more heavily streaked with black. The remiges and rectrices are 

 dark fuscous-black, margined with tawny. The biU is red. Birds in 

 this plumage may be distinguished from individuals in the first nuptial 

 plumage by the darker remiges and rectrices, which are new and 

 unworn. 



6. Adult nuptial plumage is acquired by a partial molt involving 

 feathers of the head, body, and tail, but not the remiges. 



Above: Head, scapulars, interscapulars, and back black slightly 

 glossed with greenish. Nuchal collar white. Lower back and rump 

 White with blackish shaft stripes. Lesser and middle wing-coverts 

 White forming a large white wing patch. Greater coverts, primaries 

 and secondaries Black. Some of inner secondaries with remnants of 

 tawny edges of adult winter plumage. Tail feathers Black, four cen- 

 tral ones greatly elongated and wholly Black. Other rectrices tipped 

 with Tawny. Inner webs very broadly margined with White. Sides 



