THE LEPIDOPTF.RA OF ESSEX. 77 



of his (a female who was considerably interested in entomology), 

 who saw the specimen after capture, was certain she had seen others 

 many years ago, but not lately. Since Mr. Mills has left this neigh- 

 bourhood I have come into possession of two specimens, also taken 

 at Tillingham by Miss Hance, at least fifty years ago (referred to, 

 E.N. ii. 242). Mr. Raynor records a specimen caught at Maldon 

 by Mr. Gutteridge, in August, 1872 {Ent. vi. 223). Dr. Gutteridge 

 has conrirmed_this to me, and there is no evidence of its introduction 

 artificially. 



Cornelius Walford, then of Witham, saw a specimen on Tiptree 

 Heath in 183S {E.L.J. 27). 



Mr. Harwood has known it to occur several times at Walton-on- 

 Naze, on the authority of Thomas Catchpole, and 1). B. Brightwell 

 (caught by one of his pupils). A very likely locality, as it is the only 

 station for Peitcedanuin officinale in Essex, which has been known 

 there t'rom Ray's time to the present ; it is also curious that P. palustre, 

 still the favourite food-plant of this species in the Fens, was 

 recorded as an Essex plant in the " Flora " only from Epping Forest, 

 by John Ray formerly of Epping. Between the years 1848 and 1850 

 Mr. H. Doubleday turned out a number of E. machaon in parts of 

 Epping Forest, apparently an old locality for this butterfly, but it did 

 not again establish itself (iV^^. E.E.C. ii. Ixxx).- 



TheRev. H. H. Crewe says, "The family of a clergyman residing 

 near Ipswich told me they had taken machaoti on the banks of the 

 [Essex and Suffolk] Stour " {B.B. 153). W. Gaze records three speci- 

 mens taken near Haverhill, by different collectors in 1841 {Ent. i, 

 307), and writes later: " On enquiry I found it has several times 

 been taken in that place " {E^it. i. 340). In 1867, '68 or '69, my 

 cousins, Herbert and Arthur Fitch, caught three specimens for me at 

 Clare Priory, where they were at school ; two in one year, and one in 

 another, and I have no doubt whatever but that they were residents, 

 and should not be at all surprised to learn that machaoti still lingers 

 around the sources of the Stour on the Essex and Suffolk border. 



Mr. W . R. Jeffrey records it from Saffron Walden, but adds, 

 ' Supposed to have been brought to the neighbourhood in the 



2 Mr. Maynard, Curator of the Saffron Walden Museuin, writes: "Some years since an un- 

 successful attempt was male to naturalise P. viachaon in this neighbourhood by the late Mr. 

 O. S. Gibson and Mr. W. M. Tuke, who procured a large quantity of caterpillars from Wicken 

 P'en, Cambridgeshire. These were placed in a field of carrots, upon the tops of which they fed 

 and seemed at first likely to do well, until they were found out by the birds, who soon made 

 short work of the colony, and not one specimen was ever seen in the imago state." It is interest- 

 ing to note that many of the old records indicate that P. machaon was formerly a garden insect 

 in England (as it is still on the Continent) although now confined with us to the Ken districts, 

 — Ko. 



