■JQ THK LKPIDOPTKRA OF ESSEX. 



chrysalis State " (/).^. 152). In the abridged "Catalogue of the 

 Saffron Walden Museum " (1845), ^^'*2 read, "This species has occa- 

 sionally been seen near Walden, having probably been brought on 

 sedges in the chrysalis state " {/.c. 49). 



[^Paniassius apol/o, L. — a reputed British butterfly — is said to have been taken 

 at Epping, about 1847 or 1848, by a son of Geo. Bax Holmes, a schoolfellow of 

 H. and E. Doubleday QEnt. vi. 39). This must be an error.] 



\_Aporia cratcrgi, L. Black-veined White. This species, now verging on 

 extinction in Britain, used to be common near London ; Samouelle says " Woods 

 near London" (^Useful Compendium^ 216'). Stephens took it at Coombe Wood, 

 and Haworth at Little Chelsea (Z. v. 1616). The only Essex record I find is one 

 at Wanstead (^Ent. xii. 163). This is very doubtful.] 



Pieris rapse, L. Small White. 



Geographical Distribution — Europe, Asia, Africa north. Introduced into 

 Canada and rapidly spreading in North America. Throughout Britain — our 

 commonest butterfly. 



Larva — Dull green, thin dorsal and lateral yellow lines, yellow dots on sides. 

 Food — Cabbages, horse-radish, mignonette, &c. ; often destructive in gardens. 

 Imago — April to October, especially abundant in May and August ; hibernates as 

 pupa. 



Common in every garden throughout the county. 

 Pieris braSsicae, L. Large White. 



Geographical Distribution — Europe (except polar regions), Asia to Himalaya, 

 North Africa. Throughout Britain. 



Larva — Bluish-green with j-ellovv stripes. Food — Various cruciferoe, especiall}' 

 cabbages, turnips and other garden produce ; often very destructive. Imago — 

 April to September ; hibernates as pupa. 



Too common everywhere. 



Pieris napi, L. Green-veined White. 



Geographical Distribution— Europe, Asia, North America. Throughout Britain. 



Larva— DnW green, paler on sides, spiracles black in yellow ring. /^oo(/— Various 

 cruciferoe, as horse-radish, watercress, wintercress, hesperis, &c. Mr. Harwood 

 has found it on sea-rocket. Imago— A-prW to August ; hibernates as pupa. 



Very common, but not so exclusively a garden or town insect as 

 the two preceding species. 



Pieris daplidice, L. Bath White or Green Chequered ^^'hite. 



Geographical Distributwn—¥.\iro}^Q (except polar regions), Asia to Himalaya 

 and China, North Africa. In Britain confined to South and East England, where 

 it is very rare and uncertain. 



I 



