Publications of the United States National Museum 



The scholarly and scientific publications of the United States National Museum 

 include two series. Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United 

 States National Museum Bulletin. 



In these series, the Museum publishes original articles and monographs dealing 

 with tiie collections and work of its constituent museums — The Museum of Natural 

 History and the Museum of History and Technology — setting forth newly acquired 

 facts in the fields of anthropology, biology, history, geology, and technology. Copies 

 of each publication arc distributed to libraries, to cultural and scientific organizations, 

 and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. 



'I'he Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate 

 form, of shorter papers from the Museum of Natural History. These are gathered 

 in \()lu!nes, octavo in si/e, with the puiilication date nl each paper recortled in the 

 table of contents of the \olume. 



In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 187,"). apjjcar longer, sepa- 

 rate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and \ol- 

 uines in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or 

 c]iiarto in si/e, depending on the needs of the ])resentation. .Since 1902 papers re- 

 lating to the botanical collections of the Museinn of Natural History have been 

 ]iublished in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United 

 States National Herbarium, and since 1959, in Bulletins titled "Contributions from 

 the Museum of History and Technology." ha\e been gathered shorter [)a|)ers relating 

 to the collections and research of that Museum. 



The present collection of Contributions, Papers ."l-Ii/!. comprises Bulletin 229. 

 Each of these papers has been ])re\iously jniblished in sejjarate form. The vear of 

 publication is shown on the last page of each paper. 



Frank .\. T.wi.or 

 Director, United States National Museum 



