174(1), and Loclo\icii Antonio Muiaiori,^-' who 

 inilialcci tlic slncK' of ineciie\'al Italian nuniisnialics 

 (Di (liiYius /iKiuiKir i^itinihiis, 1738); in I'rancc, Nicolas 

 Mahndel ^^ (DiSicitalidii hislnnqiic sur liw //inuimris' 



aniiquis iFE^/iagiir, 



'), Josrpli IVllrrin^' (Raiinl 



lie nit'i/ail/i'S lie mis, 17(i2, and Rtiiiiil i/r r/inlni/lis dt- 

 /n-ii/ihs ft lit- n/lii. 17()3); and in England, Stc|ihcn M. 

 Leake (.\iinimi hiilannici Inihiiiu, 172()). 



In order to be al)Ie to niasler ilie continuously 

 c;ro\\inc; bulk ol contenipoiars' material, with its 

 ne\er-endin<j nuniljcr ol" coins whieli must be reyis- 

 teied, classiiied, and studied, a new and more ade- 

 quate system than the alphalietical or chronoloQieal 

 arrantjement had to be found. The answer to the 

 lifoblem came froin the meticulous and s\ sterna tic 

 minds of the German numismatists, wluj, duiinL; this 

 century, unclouljtedly became the l<-aders in nu- 

 mismatic research. 



Since Germany itsell presented a rather entangled 

 picture with its numerous principalitii's, archbishop- 

 rics, bishoprics, cities, and e\'en abbevs -all oi them 

 issuins; coins — any attenqn to t;i\'e a yeneral numis- 

 matic history of this country seemed to be an im- 

 possible enterprise. A division of numismatic 

 material by coin denomin.itions simplilied the t.isk 

 consideralily, pennittinu; topics oiten to expand 

 ireotrraphically by includino; similar coin denomina- 

 tions of other countries. As a result, a tjroup of 

 publications appeared in Ciermanv wliieli presented 

 fairlv complete catalot;s of s])ecihc categories of coins. 

 Johann Friedrich Joachim's .Km na/f ndis (inisrliiii- 

 Cabiuit (1740-176')), on Gernicm and other small 

 denominations, Johann Tobias Kohler's I i>ll\Uiiiilii;is 

 Diunlcti-Cahiiitt (1750-1760), and later ). C. xon 

 Soothe's Auserltsini's iin<l lii'ilist a)n,hnlhliis DiikiIiii- 

 habimt (1784), became major references on I'.uro- 

 pean (jold coins. Michael Lilienthal's \ nlhlainliu^i \ 

 'Thala-Cahmtl (1735), and especiallv I)a\id Samuel 

 Madai's Volhtumligcs Tluilir-Cahiiirt (1765-1774), 

 which included practically all doll. n -sized silver 

 coins of Gernianv and nei£>hborinL; c ountries, are 

 excellent reference books still used extensixely at the 

 present time. 



During the same period, \arious numismatic 

 dictionaries were puljlished for tlie purpose of hel])in'_; 

 collectors become more familiar with the basic 



"2 Fur a Ijiography of Muiatori, .see Lum, "Vile <li illuslri 

 numismatic! italiani: Lodovico Antonio Mnratori" (ISH')). 



" A list of his woiks is in BABhLON, Tratlr, vol. I, col. 172. 



M A list of his publications is in Baef.i.o.s', '/nii:,', vol. 1, cols. 

 176-177. 



concepts and terminology of the science. I )eser\in'; 

 mention, among others, are Johann Chrisioph 

 Rasche's LiMidii ii>iirtru:i- ift numattar vtlnuin (17.S5- 

 18tl5), in 9 \iiluines, with a supplement in 18(12 1SII5, 

 in Leipzig: and tiie work of the S])anish mnnismalist 

 T omas .\ndres de (jusseme, l)u(inn/nin immnmiiltid 

 gtiii)i/l, which was |niblished in six \i)Iunies (1773- 

 1777) in Madrid. 



l-'iy. 21. — n.wii) .S.wiri I .Maum (i~o(i 17H0), 

 (irrniui niunisinaiisl (I)iv. of .Xuiiiisni.ilics 

 photo). 



The earl\ \ears of the I Nth ceiunrv also saw the 

 recognition of niniiismatii s .is an .i<adenii( (hscipline. 

 In 173fs Professor |oli,inn I hiniic li Schuize announced 

 n i'(ill,giiiin /iiiiiiliim ,]l the I nixersityol I lalle. Saxony. 

 lecturing iihii dit Miin-ji'i''Si>i\, Iki/I mid ilii ilmiiiis 'ii 

 iiliiiili'iiiiliii gn,'ilii\,liiii mill iniiii\,li,n Allniitiiiiiii (on llie 

 science of numismatics as a source lor Kom.m and 

 ( ireek anti(|uilies).^'' Tliis course was ])ui>hshed later 

 (I lalle, 1766) in book lorm. 



I'lom 172'! to 175(1, I'rolcNsoiJoh.inn l)a\id Kohler 

 of Altdoil published weeklv commeiUaiies and 

 hisloiieal expl.inatious on national and loreiijn 

 (oins and medals in a series he c. tiled /fisliiituhc 

 MiiiiZ-l'ili'digiiiig (llistoiiial Goin Amnsemeni). 

 i'recursors in the late l^lli century were lentzei's 



»•> KcM.ii, -'.Xiis dcr Ccschii htc ilcs Kolicrtinuin" (I'M-I). 



PAPER 32: NUMISM.VnCS — AN A.NCIF.NT Sr:iKNC:i; 



27 



