and nalmalist from Florence, piihlishcd, aniont; many 

 titles, catalogs of \arions coin collections v\ liicli he had 

 visited during his tra\'els, such as Ltitere e i/i.sserliiz'inii 

 mimismntuhc (1813-1820) and Dcscn-wtu <ral(um- meda- 

 glie oicfhc (1822-182')). Although his nuiiieroiis works 

 do not achieve the high standard of Eckhel's pub- 

 lications, they remain useful to present-day 

 numismatists. '"-' 



The trend toward publishing catalogs of large pri- 

 vate and ])ublic collections Ijccame more widespread. 

 For the beginning of the century we should note a few 

 significant publications in this field, such as Taylor 

 Combe's catalog of the British Museum collection, 

 Vi/iiiim jinjiiiliinini ct Kgiim iiutyit qui in Miisiii liiilan- 

 nicn adscrvantur (1814), and especially Christian Rauuis' 

 catalog of the Copenhagen collection, published in 

 two \olumes, Catalogiis iiumnmm vilutiin (•'nurdium it 

 La/uiiinini miisii ii'gis Daniac (181()). In addition, 

 Louis Haller published in 182') in Bern tin- catalog 

 of the numismatic collection of the Bern mu.seum: 

 Catalogiis numismatuni iitniim, Giaminim it Latnuimm . . . 

 quae iwlaiil in niiisio iivilalis Beninuis. 



While the gi-owth of man> public collections in 

 central Europe was hindered by wars and revolutions, 

 I tab. and especially southern Italy, succeeded in 

 increasing the number of its collections. The coin 

 cabinet of Naples,"" formed in 1757, grew rapidly — 

 due in part to the archeological excavations in the 

 surroundings of Naples — to an inventory of about 

 in.OflO Greek and oyer 16,000 Roman coins. In the 

 same city at the same time the Santangelo Collection 

 could claim an equal number of ancient coins. In 

 1865 this collection was purchased by the city of 

 Naples and added to its own coin cabinet in the na- 

 tional museum. Between 1866 and 1871 the impor- 

 tant holdings in ancient and medieval coins of this 

 museum were cataloged by Giuseppe Fiorelli.'"^ In 

 numismatics, Naples by this time had developed a 

 great tradition, which has remained unchanged to the 

 present day. Here, in 1808, Francesco Maria 

 Avellino began tlie publication of a numismatic 

 periodical, (hmualr nuinnniuluii, which Ibllowed only 

 a few years behind r'ri<-drich Schlichtegroll's earlier 

 attempt, Annalin tier gi-sammli'n .\umismalik (issued in 

 Leipzig and Gotha between 1804 and 1806). 



In 1822 Archduke Maximilian donaird lu die liiy 

 of Modena — from whence the Renaissaiui- cibiu'i 

 of the Dukes of I'Lstc '"■' had disapjjeared a collec- 

 tion which, by 1845, could claim over 35.0(1(1 pieces. 

 Venice, with one coin c.ibinet in the librarx of St. 

 NLark and another in the Mu.seo Correr. Parma with 

 a coin cabinet founded in 1740. the Brera Collections 

 in the Clastel Sforzeseo in Milan,""' lar^e and small 

 public coin collections in Turin.'"' I''l(ir<ii(r."'^ 

 Padua, Pal<Tmo, Clatani.i, and .S\r.ieusc. .ill br.ir 

 evidence of the tribute generalK- p.iid to iiuniismatics 

 in Italy not only by rulers but also by private citizens. 



Such interest was no less intense on the Il)eri.in 

 peninsula. Spain [xisses.sed a coin cabinet which h.id 

 bi-en formed in Madrid under Kint; Philip \' ( 1 ~o I - 

 1746). By 1716 this collection numbered over 2(1. mi') 

 pieces. It was increased substantially throiit;h aecjui- 

 sitions made liecause of the personal initiative of 

 Ferdinand VI (1746-175")) and especially of C:harl's 

 III (175') -1788), who was instrument, d in briu'^int; 

 many anticjuities from .N<ipU-s to .\I.idrid. Tlu- \n\.\\ 

 collection later was translered to the Mu.seo .\r- 

 queologico in Madrid. .Another collcctitjn in Madrid, 

 in the Real Academia de la Historia, which had Iven 

 gathered during the 18th century, two important coin 

 cabinets in Barcelona, one at the Lhiiversity if 

 Valencia, as well as many important private collec- 

 tions all attest to the iinportanee accorded to numis- 

 matics in Spain. 



In Portugal, the creation of the Academia Portu- 

 guesa da Historia in 1720 desii;iiates a new era in 

 Portuguese numismatic research, f luler the stimulus 

 of an increased interest in archeological and historical 

 studies, coins were collected and studied more 

 systeinatically. Many major Portuguese coin collec- 

 tions were formed, or were mentioned as already 

 existing, in the late 1800s. ()1 such were the Mnseu 

 Maynense, begun by the Jesuit Jose Mayiie (d.l"''2), 

 the collection of the royal p.ilace of Ajud.i, memioned 

 in a Lisbon Almanac for 17')5. and espeeialK the 

 Mnseu da C'asa da Moeda, organized in 177^ by a 

 decre<' from the famous Poiiutjue.se statesman .\Iar(|uis 

 de Poml)al. His instructions to the mint to keep one 

 specimen of each i.ssue brought the mint musetun iiUo 

 existence. Other collections, especialK those per- 



"I- For a list of his works, see Babelon, 'hnite. vol, 1, rols. 

 195-197; LriTZMANN, Bihliolhica luimarin, pp. 12')- W). 



i'» Breolia, "Le colk-zioni inonctali del Mu.seo Nazioiwili- ili 

 Napoli" (1960). 



"It FlORELLI, Ciitiiln«i, il,'l Mliseo .Nariumilf ill .\'n/'nli (!K(i(>- 

 1871). 



"'■' I*ANViNi r<()SAri, "II rionliiiainciito (lei Med.iulieje F-slcnsr 

 di Modena" (19S(.). 



""• Bi rroNi, "11 Med,ii;llcTc di Mil.iiin .il ( :.i-irellci Slor/cseo" 

 (19.S5). 



1"' I'Aum I rr, litf;io Minrn ih I Minn (IKKl 1H8K). 



'"" Sei'iNO, // meiliiglicri- mrilurii (1899). 



PAPER 32: NUMISM.'XTICS — AN ANCIENT SCIENCE 



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