Fig. 34. — I-'eodor Fedorovich Schubert 

 (1789-1865), noted Russian collector and 

 author (photo couricsy the Hermitage, 

 Leningrad). 



as Descri[>li6>i general de las mnnedas hisparm-crislianas 

 (1865-1869) and Description generate des monnaies 

 antiaues de r Espagne (1870). A still useful reference 

 Ijook which should he mentioned is the huso Catdlogo 

 de la coleccion de mnnedas y medallas (1892), representing 

 the important cabinet of Manuel Vidai Quadras 

 y Ramon. 



-Most of the basic reference books on Russian 

 numismatics were written during the later part of the 

 19th century. Fedor Fedorovich .Schubert (1789- 

 186.S) issued a detailed catalog of his collection in 

 1857 and republished it later in two separate works: 

 Monnayes russes des dernihes trois siecles (1857), and 

 Monnaies el medailles russes (1858). A few decades 

 later, another outstanding collector, Count Ivan 

 Tolstoi, covered the early periods of the Russian 

 principalities in such works as Drevneislne russkie 

 rnonely velihigo kniaszhestva h'ievskogo (1882) and Mone/y 

 Psknrskie (1886). 'I'hc great specialist in ancient and 

 medieval numismatics, Alcksei \'. Oreshnikov, pro- 

 duced in Russkie mnnety do 1547 gnda (1896) the classic 

 work on early Russian coinages. C'haudoir's Apergu 



sur hs monnaies russes and .Schubert's works (mentioned 

 earlier), published in French, are, even to the present 

 day, the most popular reference books outside of 

 Russia on general Russian numismatics. Because 

 of the language barrier. Christian Giel's compact 

 list Tahlilsy russkikh monet dvukh poslednikh sloletii 

 (1898) and Ilyin and Tolstoi's publication on Russian 

 coins struck from 1725 to 1801, Russkie rnonely 

 chekanenme s 1725 po 1801 g. (1910), are referred to 

 only occasionally. The monumental publication of 

 Grand Duke Georgii MikhaiIo\itch. cousin of Tsar 

 Nicholas II, represents Russia's outstanding con- 

 tril)ution to modern numismatics: Monety tsarstvovanii 

 (1888-1914) describes in 12 documented \olumes 

 his extensive collection of Russian coins, which 

 cover the period from the reign of Peter the Great to 

 1890. 



Fig. 35. — .Aleksei VASiT,iE\aTCH Oresumkov 

 (1855-1933), famous Russian historian and 

 numismatist (photo courtesy the Mcnnitage, 

 Leningrad). 



40 



BULLETIN 229: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF HISTORY" AND TECHNOLOGY 



