R-Cccnt Goniian piililicatiDns. such as Fricclrirh 

 W'iclaiiclt's Biidivhi' Miiiir- iiinl (uhh^iscliifhtr (r)5,S) or 

 Petcr Bcrrjhaus' .\[uii-i^,\i/ii,-/il,- drr Si, nil Dnrlmiiiu/ 

 (I'158). lia\e tried In depict the iniinetai\ liisi ir\- nf 

 single cities (jr I3rinei|ialities. IVvdiicI liiese it wnnld 

 be difficuh to emiiiierale the maii\- aiithnrs cifC ieniiaii 

 monoc;ra]3hs. The liilihui^raphies proxided in (Jeli- 

 hart's Die dailuhcn Miiriyii (/r\ Millrl,ill,r\ iiiul dn 

 .Xi-iiyil (ri2'M and in tiriei-siin's Sr/nl liihlini^rnlihx 

 cuN'er the most inipoitant titles. A m^ijur (.einian 

 pill iHcalii)n which shnulcl he menliuned. hn\\c\cr, 

 is the enc\"clijpedia of iiumisnialics. Wmli ihin h dn 

 Miw-kinidr (r'3ll). Edited 1)\ I'liedrich \(in S( hirjt- 

 ter. this hook is the most complete wfjik of its kind. 

 pfovidint; aiithoiitati\c infoniialion in e\ ei\- held 

 of the science. 



Althoti<;h Schiiitter"s hook is the most acclaiined, 

 there are soine other useful works of this kind, 

 Alhcrt R. Fre\''s Dirlinnnrv nf .\iimisiii/ilii .\iii)ii'\ 

 (I'M 7) t;i\cs a less e.\t<'nsi\e co\cra<-;e of numismatics 

 ill i;eneral. More recentK. Hiimherto F. Biirzlo 

 produced in his Dii i uuiiinn dr l,i ninnrda /li^fiinin-iuiiii/- 

 catui (\'1?U -\'1^X) an excellent reference hook for 

 Spanish-American coina.qcs. Similar titles concerned 

 mosth with national siihjects are Fdoardo Martinori's 

 /..(/ iniimiii (1''15) or Felipe MaH'ti y Llopis' (UnMinn 

 liiifiiinhii dr rniniisiiu'iluii (I'Hti). 



Neis;hhorina; Austria jsresents interesting feature> in 

 the |)uhlications of the \iemiese numismatists August 

 v'oii Loehr and Eduard Holzmair. Continuing the 

 trend estahlishexl hy \'iktor \on Miller zii Aichholz 

 (lS43-r'lli), the\ can he classed ainoivj; the most 

 advanced representaii\es of the practically applied 

 histor\- of money. Miller zu Aichholz's compendious 

 pulilication Osh-nchhisrhc .\tuii-l>ids.iitis,iii (l''2(l) — 

 rc\i.sed in l'M8 hy Loehr and Flolzmair — was one of 

 the first national catalogs to include paper money and 

 other documents of \alue. Tin- same trend can fii.- 

 seen in L(jchr"s wi.)rk on the history of mone\ in 

 Austria. O^tcrmduuhr Gridoi-sihuhir {\')Au). and m the 

 coin exhihits of the X'ieima cahinet prepared h\ i'rot. 

 Loehr and Dr. Hol/mair. .Moiv^ similar lines was 

 the hasic approach of the Swiss collector and numisma- 

 tist Julius Meili. who included Brazilian paper money 

 in his Das Brauliaiiiu he Gdduvsrti ( 1,S')7-I ')l).3). 



The concept of Includini; paper currencies in the 

 general stud\' of numismatics is de\-elopinu also in 

 France, where R. Hahiekorn and jean Lalainie, in 

 the Bulldni de la Smuic d'Eliidr fmin I'llislairr dii Papiir- 

 Miiiiiiaii\ ha\e ptihlished main .irlicles on tlie history 



PAPER 32: NUMISMATICS AN ANCIEN'T SCIENCE 



of iM-ench hills horn (he file ISth ceniiir\- to ihe 

 |)resent. 



Lal.iiirie. thi' le.idin'j. Ficneh iiiiniismaiist, also has 

 in process of piihhcalion the hest reference hook on 

 till- ro\.il (■oina'_;<- of his ii.ilion, /,ri niiiiinair\ d,-\ \ni\ dr 

 h'laiiii-, two \oluines of which h.i\c appeared ,ili'e,id\- 

 (T'^l; r'3(,) co\-eriim die pi'ii'id u|.i lu l(d(l. 



In Italx. altli iii'^h rescue h in ancient mimism.itics 

 dominates llie oilier fields, .mention must he c.illed in 

 an iiii|iressi\c i^roiip of studies on niedie\.il .md 

 modern Itali.in numisinalics. {■'rancesco and l.icole 

 (hlerchi piihlished .ill e\celli-ii( Work on llie coins 

 of .Milan. /.-• inniiil,- ,!, Mdaim (lSS-1 jS'iD, while 

 Ps'icolo Papadop'ili in.i(.le ;i siniil.ir comrihiiiion on 

 die coins o| llie X'eneii.in Repilhlic. /,(■ llliillcif ill 

 \',l!,-ia (1(S')3 l''l''). .\ll excellent reference Work 

 w.iv pul)lishi-d h\ ( lount ( !aiiiillo .SeiMlmi. who pro- 

 duced, in /,(■ nnaicli c It hnllr /dund'tt: d, I M,'dai;hi'ri- 

 \'ali,aun (I'Mll l'i2S),an outstanding catalog of the 

 coinages ol die popes. .Also noteworthx ,ire Frnesio 

 Bernareggi's recent piihlication on Itali.m i^enaiss.mce 

 coins. Mniii'lr d'uin , mi iilialln ilil Ruia\, inii'iiln ilaliatiii 

 (T'^-l), and ,i L;reatl\ needed stiid\- on .Sicjli.in coins 

 h\ Rotlollo .Sp.dir. /,(■ iiiinu'lr Mii/iaiir dai^li Anr'nniM ai 

 /Inihiiiit (I'IS'M. ( )| exceplioii.il \-alue .ire .1/"//. r, 

 /'litis and (,'irilizaliiai in llif Midilnraiifan U'l'jA/fpiih- 

 lislied in .\iiierica, F'^d). ,md I.i avrrnlnif dt'lla In,! 

 (l''3S). in which the Itali.in economist ( '.irlo .\I. 

 ( 'ipolla lirillianth" uses coins to guide him lhioiii.^li die 



Fis;. 43. — C:or\T Cwinro .S|.u.\ri\i (ifJ<i|.- 

 I()-,.i) .11 wnik ill till- Wilic.in C:iiin Cibiiiet 

 (aiilliiir's photo). 



53 



