a new coin dcnoiiiiiialion, llic SU fiorini in nold (liij. 

 2')), and the resnit is one ol Italy's most striking yold 

 coins of the period. 



Fig. 2g. — TiscA.w, laui'dLD II, 80 liorim, iHjy » 

 (Div. of NLiniismatics photo) 



1^ 



'/J. 



r „.> 



Fig. 30. — Tuscany, Leopold II, franccsconc, 185G ■'•" 

 (Photo courtesy .American Xainismalic Society) 



The coin which hesi shows his art. howe\cr, is the 

 fr.mcesccjne of ISSd (lis;. aO). H.-re lie (leated a new 

 portrait of Leopold U '■" which presents a conipleleiy 

 different aspect of the ai^inn (hand Dnke. 'Ihe fea- 

 tures are hill of life and expression in a relatively low 

 but excellently niod.-leil relief. 



From tlie h.md <if l,ui'..;i ( ;ori ''' (h.lSiS in Florence), 

 the last enL;ra\i-r ,it the I'lorrnline mim in the l.Ue 

 lilties, we liave another coin portr.iit of the oiil 



Fig. 31.— Tt'scAN^■, Li.opoi n 11, m <|u.itiiini, iH-,!! « 

 (Div. 1)1 Xuiiiisni.itii s |ili()ii)| 



monarch (fia;. .il). A <4ood style, leanins^ slit<htly 

 toward conventionalism, distinijuishes these final 

 productions of 'Fusi-any's ent^ravins art. (Jori's 

 workmanship is good, his elaborate style enhances an 

 acute sense of realism, and his fine modeling adds 

 depth to the low but effective lelief. His dies I'or the 

 gold so-called "ruspone del Ricasoii" and the other 

 coins struck by the [Provisional (hncrnment in 1859 

 are the last coins of inde|)endent I'nscanv. 



PARMA 



Parma, for 32 years under the rule of Maria Louisa 

 of Austria, second wife of Napoleon, was returned in 

 1847 to the former Dukes of Bourbon-Parma, but 

 the remaining 13 years of this Duchy's independence 

 were agitated by political disturbances and insurrec- 

 tions. The tides of the Revolution of 1848 were 

 strongly felt in Parma; the reigning Duke Chailes 

 II had to abdicate in favor of his son (!harles 111. 

 who was assassinated in 1854. Clharles' infant 



son Robert ascended the tluone under the regency 

 of his mother, but six ye.irs later I'.niu.i was al)s<)rl)eci 

 into the tuiited Itali.ui Kingdom. 



The little prim ip,dil\ had .m old tr.idilion in 

 coin engraving. The silver scudi and tlie gold 

 C|Uadruplas of the F.irnese princes ,ne judged to be 

 among Italy's most remaik.ible coin products tlnring 

 the 16lh and 17tli ci'iltMiies. 



.After 181)0 verv lew coins were struck for I'arma, 



S'CA^/, vol. 12, p. 467, coin f3; Galf.otti, p. 475, coin f. 

 For tfie law concerning tliis issue, see Carbonkri, p. 201. 



59 CW, vol. 12, p. 476, coin 106; (Ialfoiti, p. 4"K, loin ^. 

 Davenport, European Ciowns^ coin 160. 



"".A similar portrait of Lropolil II can he seen on a medal 

 cnt^ravcd by Nidi-rost i[i IHt') cf. Munoini, p. 79. 



'1 /;/J.l/, vol. 2, pp. .^'1', 2'm, anil \-ol. ", p. 377; 'I'lin mk ami 

 Hij:ki r, vol. It, p. im ; (;am pp. 1 "). 4'1-t. 



'i-'(\/. vol. 12, p. I"", ciiiri ll'i; (Jam orri, |). 4H4. 



PAPER 33: IT.ALI.AN COIN ENC;k.AVIiRS SINCE 18(10 



15 



