5-IiiT piece of 1014 (fin;. 107). CloniinissiuncJ in l')Of, 

 to create a new design lor tiie Iljji.in silxc r t <]iii.ioc, 

 Calandra pnidueed his niodd li\ tlu- ,ik| ,,| tlie 



Fig. 107.— It.m,v, \'ictor Emma.nlei, 111. r, |i,e, 1914 2"2 

 (Div. of Numisinalics jiliolo) 



same year. Bui lli<' nianv cliannes -'■'' required liv tlie 

 Mcinel.n-v donniiissiun altered the inili.il prnjecl 

 aluiost l)e\iind reeonnidon. ( )ni\- tlie hasie conception 

 ol tile Coin remained: a small Imst ol tlie S(]\creion in 



Fig. 108. — Ir.AL'i-, X'icroR EMM.vNrrr HI, |xiucrn 5 lire, 



1 90G ■'■* 



(Plioto from Pagaiii) 



iinilorm, enclosed hy tin' massise circle ol" an inscrip- 

 tion for the obverse, and the figure of Italia on a 

 triumphal quadrisra for the reverse. Artisticall\- in- 

 significant, the first project (fig. IfIS) presented man\- 

 delects: an una|)pealing portrait ol tlie kins; crowded 



inld .1 l.n^e circle (j| Idiiis :uid, on di<- reverse, a 

 pourlv cKsii^ned f|uadriL;.i widi a ( uuil.ri s,.mc L;roup of 

 horses. The erilic ism of die ( :, miniissidn induerd ihc 

 artist l(j eoncci delceis ,ind lo improvr tlir ariNiic 

 qualities (if ihr wholr design. l,V(iitu.ill\ Cal.mdia 

 provi-d himself. I maslei- of pj.islie ivliel ''"Mnd cre.iled 

 a di-iiilied eiiin inia'je. Ilie porn.iil .>! die kiii'..;. 

 wearing the ( lulj.n df die .Xnnuii/ial.i ( )i(ier (lit;. Itl?), 

 displ.ivs hi-h (|ii,iliiieN eiili.uuvd l.\ .1 harimaiious 

 ariauueuieni nf ihe coin field. jjie rewrse, delil.er- 

 aleK i-mpliali(, newnlieless shows a remarkalile 

 reslr.iim in die ehoiie ol iis means of e.\|:)ressiou. 

 'J he >talie m.ijesly (if (he li-ure of il.iK conlrasied 

 with the dashin;.; mo\cmeiil of the horses cre.ites a 

 Strom; impression, 'riie sulille and, .11 (he s.tine 

 time, Ik Id trcilmeiit (,l the plastic suiiaee decisiwK 

 eiinhrms Cialandra's laleiil.-'"'' 



I he dies for the slrikim; of the .^-liic pieces of 1')! 1 

 and I ')14 ire.iled liy Irenl.icoste, and for die l(Hl .ind 

 5(1 lire hy Boninsei,ma, were prep.ired 1 1\ Liii^i R.i|- 

 laele CJiorgi.-''" Born in 1.S4S in l.nica, he w.is 

 oipli,ine(l ,il .111 (MiK .|._.e .111(1 loried lo pro\ ide for 

 himsell In- wmkim; in the shop of a goldsmilh. .\i 

 the same time he studied at the Istituto di Belle Aid 

 ill Lucca. Laler he went in riorenee lo spei i.ih/e in 

 die .lit of medal engraxiiig. Many medals like die 

 OIK ^ ol loi(|ii,ii(i r.isso. \'incen/o 15elliiii. .Mess.indro 

 X'olta, (iiiiseppe (iarihaldi, .iiid olhei f.iinoiis li.ili.ms 

 were produced li\ Ciiorgi duriii',; his sla\- in 

 1 loreiice.-''^ .\ ca|)alile fjoldsinith and engra\cr, he 

 participated in .iiul won die contesl ,11 die Kdin.m 

 mint in \'HH>. .md w.is .ippuiiiied engrawr and 

 suljsec|ueiilly chief eiigi .ivci . lie died in Rome 

 in l'M2. 



An excellent technician, he is given credit for re- 

 fining the execution of Italian coinage during die first 

 decide ol this cenlur\. I.ndless tii.ils were iinoKcd 

 in estalilishing a process to eliminate die impeifec- 



-''-' P.\G.ANi, Momli' ilaliiiii,-, coin II12I ; Si'aziam-Tesi.v, Cam tli(? National Clallcry of Modern .\rt in Rome. He was hii;hly 



Savnia, coin 210; DAVENPoRr, Eiiiiilniiii (.'lun'in, coin I -II. Sec 

 also C.\RBONERi, pp. 542-543. 



-''' L.ANFRANC:(J, Riit.y (I'l.il), p. 24.5; Carikiniui, |i. 142: 

 Pagani, Piiiir ,■ pnigrlli, coins 21'), 2411, 254 -257. 



^i"'* Lanfranco, RtisN (l')51), p. 239, ( oin '*; I'aoam. /'n,ir 

 e progiili, coin 217. 



265 Davidc Calandra had his art cducalion at llic .\( ( .idiinia 

 Albcrtina in Turin. Active as a sculptor, he created many 



pi.iiscd lor his refined, solicr style and his sensitive intcrprc- 

 t.itjiin t»f Cinolions — 'riiiiMi: and BreKi-.k, vol. 5, p. 371. 



-''-'' i'okkiR in ( I ili( i/iin; the (jii.idi ii;.i {liDM, \u\. " , p. 145) 

 must ii.i\-c hcen i^rcitK" inlhiciHcd ti\' tlu- reports of the Monc- 

 l.n V Cfjmmission on the liisl. iin< oi i (■( ted proic( t. 



-'■' /IDM. \i>\. 2, (). 2()K, .md \()1. ', p. 3(i5: I'liiiMi and 

 Hi-;eKi,R, vol. 14. p. K2. 



-■'•M-'or his \'ci(ll mcd.d, see N'ai'\li 111 ,ind I'voani, p. 35. 



generally appreciated works such as the equestrian statue of Olluj me(fils ol lluiiiheit I, Ma/zini, .ind Aiiiedco ol S.i\iiia 



the Duke of .-Xosta in Turin (1'XI2), reliefs for ll..- Roman .ire in Ci .mamh.m. A7.\ (IXK'I), p. 55: (IH'Hi), p. 22""; (IK')2), 



Parliament, and the gigantit Monumenl to \'i( toi l,i .iiiui-1 |). 221. 



11 in Rome. His si iilphire /'.h„//„ (Ihe l'lout;h). IK'H, is in 



PAPPR 33: ITALIAN COIN KNURAVERS .SINCE 18(10 

 filMl-.s."!! ° — 1;.-| 4 



49 



