1 igure .'ii. 



-'"Pionklr" on exhibit in old Arts and Industries building, showing the tank and backhead. 

 Smithsonian photo 18069] 



conductor to signal the engineer is fastened to the 

 underside of the cab roof. This style of gong was in 

 use in the 1850's and may well be original equipment. 

 The water tank is in two sections, one part extending 

 below the deck, between the frame. The tank holds 

 600 gallons of water. The tender holds one cord of 

 wood. 



The small pedestal-mounted sandbox was used on 

 several Cumberland Valley engines including the 

 /' !. This box was removed from the engine some- 

 time between 1901 and 1904. It was on the engine at 

 the time of the Carlisle sesquicentenniaJ but dis- 

 appeared by the time of the St. Louis exposition. 

 lwo small sandboxes, mounted on the driving-wheel 

 splash guards, replaced the original box. The large 

 headlamp (fig. 3) apparently disappeared at the 

 same time and was replaced by a crudely made lamp 

 formerly mounted on the cab roof as a backup light. 

 Headlamps of commercial manufacture were care- 



ful!) finished and made with parobolic reflectors, 

 elaborate burners, and handsomely fitted cases. Such 

 a lamp could throw a beam of light for louo feet. 

 The present lamp has a flat cone-shaped pine of tin 

 for a reflector. 



The brushes attached to the pilot were used in the 

 winter to brush snow and loose ice off the rail and 

 thus improve traction. In good weather the brushes 

 were set up to clear the trai ks. 



Aiiet the Pioneer had come to the National Mn 

 it was decided that some refinishing was required to 

 return it as nearly as possible to the state of the original 

 engine. Replacing the sandbox was an obvious 

 change. 20 The brass cylinder jackets were also re- 

 placed. The cab was stripped and carefully refinished 

 as natural wood. The old safety valve was replaced, 



restoration work has been ably handled by John Stine 

 of the Museum -t.iH . Restoration suited in October 1961, 



PAPER 42: THE "PIONEER" OF 1851 



267 



